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DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS

CENSUS OF MANITOBA,
SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA

1936

INSTRUCTIONS TO

COMMISSIONERS AND
ENUMERATORS

Apprpved by-Qrdor-wb' Go until ' '"*

STATISTICS STATlSTtOME
CANADA C*NA0A

m pl 1996

LIBRARY \_

BllOTHfeQU'Ej

OTTAWA
J. O. PATENAUDE, I.S.O. i .

PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTM
1936

INDEX TO CONTENTS

Section in
Book of
Instructions
GENERAL

Abode, place of, or habitual home 44 (2)

Abode, doubtful • • • • ^

Aborigines,. Canadian 85 (2a)

Absentee household card . • •' 58 (3)

Absent persons 46, 48

Age 80

All members of household absent *><

American 85 (la)

Apartment house OS (2a)

Apartment ••• 69 (2a)

Appointment, certificate of If

Asiatics 85 (2b, c)

Authority disputed 1°

Birthplace *- , n ,°1

Boarders 44 (2/) 49b

Boarding or rooming house 66 (3)

Boundaries of district 38

Buildings 68

Camp, persons in S"

Canadian 84 (1)

Census subdistrict 15

Civility required 34

Clear and legible records 40

Closed dwelling card 5S_ (2)

Coloured stock 85-2b

Commissioners, instructions, duties, obligations 5a, 7, 13,33

Complete canvass required 16

Complete' particulars ■ • 19

Conjugal condition 79

Construction camp, persons in : . . 52

Crops and live stock in cities, towns, etc 27, 2S

Date of census 3

Days work and daily earnings , 35

Districts and subdistricts ■ 4

Domestic servants .• 46

: Duty of enumerator 16,20

Dwellings . . . ., '...'• 60, 69, 75

Dwelling closed : . .' 58

Earnings of wage-earners.". ..,;..... 104

"Wage-earners . . . .v •. . .-. .... ... • J0*

Employment ' ' ,no

Full or part time or relief 102

Full time 102

Part time 102

Relief job 1°2

' °eks employed during 12 months prior to June 1,

6 • 103

Section in

Book of

Instructions

Flat ; : ....;. ; 69 (26)

Flats 68 (2b)

Half-breed : 85 (2o)

Head of household..... 19,77

Heading of schedule '65

Hotels ; 66 (2)

Households : 70

Household absent 56, 57

Housekeeping rooms 69 (2d)

Indian Keserves 46

Individual census form— population '.....' 54

Industry 95, 96

Information must be furnished 55

Institutions 8, 50

Immigration ; 82

Jails, how to enter prisoners 53

Kind of dwelling. 75

Language 86

Light-housekeeping rooms ' 69 (2d)

Lodgers 44 (2/)

Lumbermen ' 44 (2h)

Margins of schedule 66, 67

Method of making record 61

Mixed blood ' 85 (2c)

Months at school 89

Municipalities in two districts. 26

Mother tongue 86 (4)

Names .' 71

Nationality * 84

Naturalization 83

No permanent home 51

Numbering of sheets 39

Nurse in training 44 (2i)

Oath of office / ' 29

Occupation 91-94 96

Occupation and Industry 90 to' 97

Industry '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 95,96

Company or firm 95 (4)

Industry, how to report illustrated 95, %

Kind of farm, mine, factory, store or service .. 95 (3)

Office 95 (4)

Present or last industry 95 (1)

Usual Industry 95 (2)

Vague and indefinite returns 95 (4)

Wholesale and retail 95 (5)

Occupation 91-94 96

Agent, engineer, inspector, etc 94 (5)

Gainful occupation 9]

Homemaker .'. .92 (Id), 92 (4)

Inmates of institutions 93 (5), 94 (6)

iii

Section in

Book of

Instructions

Labourers ■■■■■• • ■ • • • , ** U

Last occupation of unemployed persons 92 (1) p,W> V)

Lodging or boarding-house keeper 92 W

N^^::::v/://://///.::::::«av;j»V6y;9a'(i)I98(3)

Occupations, how to report illustrated 94,96

Occupations of persons in institutions 9d W),!» W

Occupations of young persons who have never

worked .......92-(6),jg 3)

Occupations on farms Jj t

Office workers : ** )'{

Officers and employees of institutions a* n{

Persons with two occupations. ■ • • *> y>

Present occupation ... ....^ • .•■ ■« tt>,« (2

Student '.'.'.'.'...... 92 (1), 92 (5)

Unusual occupations for children 94 (4)

Unusual occupations for women at tfii

Usual occupation in doubtful cases »•> . W

Usual or regular occupation qa n\

Vague and indefinite returns qr q7

Status Q2D'r,(

Employer |" ^

Own account ■ "' V?\

Status, how to report illustrated 9b, 9/ (i)

Unpaid family worker or u\

Wage-earner "' (i>

Officers for outside service J>

Owned or rented • ■ • • V*

Permanent home °

Persons away from home. . 44 ^"'

Place of abode • '

Political subdivisions to be kept separate PA

Population schedule, purpose of **

Population schedule, fill m heading of : : *J>

Portfolios „-

Preparation of schedules - d'

Prisoners in jails

Private occupation forbidden ■"

Private family, how to show. : 77 (,5)

Quinquennial

Racial origin

.Read and write •

Records kept separate £

Refusal to give information fj

Rented or owned 'jj

Returns, when made 1 7 on

Rights of enumerators ie>

■R^terrace:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::"^"^),^^)

Sailors at sea 44 W>

Schedules, care of

Section in

Book of

Instructions

Secrecy of. information '30

Semi-detached 68 (2d), 69 (2e)

Separate census of political subdivisions 62

Servants, where to be enumerated 44 (2e)

Servants, domestic 46

Servants, sleeping out 49 c

Sex, how to enter 78

Single house 68 (2e),69 (2c)

Specimen schedule 41

Starting point 22, 23

Statistics Act 36

Status 97

Supplies 9

Subdivisions 62

Territory, assignment of.' 14

Territory,1 boundaries of 38

Towns, villages, and townships 4 a

Transients ' 49 a

Unemployment 98-101

Accident 100 (6)

At work June 1,1936 99

Causes illustrated ' 100

Holiday • 100 (4)

Lay-off 100 (3)

No job 100 (2)

Not at work June 1, 1936 99, 100

Other causes 100 (8)

Sickness 100 (5)

Strike or lockout 100 (7)

Weeks since last employed 101

Unincorporated village 25, 63

Untruthful replies 21

Vacancy, if one occurs 7

Vacant dwelling, entered on schedule 59

Value or rental 74

Visitors or transients 49 a

Wage-earners 104

Who are to be enumerated 44 (1)

Work not to be delegated ' 33

Years at school, how to enter 88

Year of immigration, 1931 82 (2)

AGRICULTURE

Acres in this farm, Total number of 133, 134

Acres of improved land rented 135

Acres owned 134(3)

Acres rented 134(4)

Acres sown or planted for harvest in 1936 175

Acres under crop ■ 172

Advance schedule 119

Age of farm operator 122

Animal products not on farms 208

Section in

Book of

Instructions

Animals and animal products not on farms 204-210

Automobiles, Value of 150

Bees and bee products 195

Bees not on farms 207

Birthplace of farm operator 123

Buildings, Value of all 148

Butter made on farm 190

Butter sold off farm 191

Carry over, Wheat 201

Cattle 183

Cattle kept for milk production and for beef production 184

Census of agriculture, Objects of the 105

Cheese made on farm 192

Clover and grass seeds harvested 179

Condition of farm land 139-146

Confidential, Census schedules are 106

Co-operative marketing 169

Co-operative purchasing 170

Cows milked, 1935 185

Cream sold or sent to creamery on butterfat basis 188

Cream sold or sent to creamery by measure 189

Crop failure 174

Crops 171-180

Crops sold or to be sold 180

Dairies, etc 115

Debts covered by liens, Amount of.... 155

Definition of a "Farm" 114

Disposition of milk 187-192

Disposition of milk — Table to be used in checking pro-
duction and disposition 192

Domestic animals and poultry not on farms 206

Domestic animals and poultry on farm 181

Domestic animals and poultry slaughtered 197

Domestic animals and poultry sold alive 198

Do you operate this farm as hired manager 138

Do you operate this farm on shares 137

Electric current, Amount paid for, 1935 157

Enumerator's record 112

Expenditure for feed, fertilizers, seeds, etc 156

Expenditure for food, clothing and other necessities... 160

Expenditure for tractor, combine and truck fuel, 1935. . 159

Expenses on this farm 156-163

Experience of operator— How long have you farmed.. 126

Farm acreage and tenure 133-138

Farm and market garden 165

Farm, Definition of a 114

Farm expenses ". 156-163

Farm facilities 164

Farm labour, Amount expended in money for, 1935 . . 161

Farm mortgages and liens 152-155

Farm operator 120-128

Section in

Book of

Instructions

Farm population 131-132

Farm, Value of 147

Farm values 147-151

Farm workers 129-130

Feed, Expenditure for 156

Fertilizers, Expenditure for 156

Firewood 166

Forest products cut in 1935 166-168

Forest products, Other 168

Garden, Farm and market 165

Gardens not on farms 209

General farm schedule — Form 2 108

Grains 176

Hay and forage 177 '

Horses and mules 182

How long have you lived in Canada 125

How long have you operated the farm you now occupy. 127
How many days in 1935 did you work for pay at jobs

not connected with the farm 128

How many years have you farmed 126

Idle land, improved, 1935 and 1936 146

Implements and machinery, Value of all '; 151

Improved land in this farm, 1935, Acres of 143

Improved land in this farm, 1936, Acres of 139

Information, Source of 113

Institutional farms .' 116, 148(3)

Instructions and definitions, General 109-119

Instructions for specific inquiries 120-210

Interest rate on mortgage 154

Live stock, 1936 and animal products on this farm,

T W?5 • • • • • 181-199

Location of farm HI

Manager, Farm 13g

Market gardens, etc U5

Marsh land (slough) in this farm, 1936, Acres of . . 142

Method of filling out schedules, General 110

Milk produced in 1935 186

Milk sold or sent to factory 187

Mortgage on this farm, Total 152

Mortgage— Who holds this ] 153

Movement of population from city to farm and from

farm to city 132

Name of farm operator 120

Natural pasture in this farm, 1936, Acres of 141

Pasture, improved— How many acres, 1935 and 1936.. 144

Post Office address of farm operator 121

Potatoes and roots, and other field crops 178

Pure-bred animals 199

Pure-bred animals not on farms 210

Quantity harvested 173

Questions must be answered in order, All 118

vii

Section, in

Book of

Instructions

Racial origin of farm operator 124

References— Form 3 • *"?

Rented acreage improved lj*»

Rent— What do you pay as rent per year 1*

Residence in Canada— How long have you lived in

Canada if not Canadian born 125

Residence, Value of nnj Jf °

Schedule No. 3 204-210

Schedules to be used ™7

Seeds, Expenditure for 15°

Share tenant , J3?

Sheep and wool 1™

Source of information JJj

Specific inquiries, Instructions for inn

Specimen schedule 1"9

Summer fallowed, improved, Acres of, 1935 and 1936.. 145

Taxes paid or payable, 1935 158

Tenure of farm 133-138

Unbroken .prairie in this farm, 1936, Acres of 141

Vacant and abandoned farms 117, 202

Value, estimated, of house or of room and board furn-
ished farm labourers, 1935 : 163

Value of all buildings 148

Value of all implements and machinery 151

Value of automobiles 150

Value of field crops — Form 2b ' 203

Value of products on this farm 200

Value of rent— What do you pay as rent per year . . 136

Value of residence 149

Value of this farm, Total 14"

Waste land in this farm, 1936, Acres of 142

Weeks of hired labour, 1935 162

Wheat "carry over" 201

Woodland in this farm, 1936, Acres of 140

Wool I93

Wool— Weight of wool— (3) Note 193

Work, elsewhere than on the farm, for pay 128

Young animals raised on this farm 196

Appendices I and II

Page

Rates of pay ■ • ■ 78

Extracts 80

RULES, REGULATIONS AND
INSTRUCTIONS, CENSUS 1936

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1. Quinquennial Census. The Statistics Act, C. 190, RS.C.
1927, provides that a census of Population and Agriculture of
the Provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, shall
be taken by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, under the
direction of the Minister of Trade and Commerce, on a date in
the month of June, 1936, to be fixed by the Governor in Council,
and every tenth year thereafter.

The term quinquennial is used because this census is taken
exactly five years after the general census of all the provinces
of the Dominion, so that a census of the three aforesaid
provinces occurs once in every five years.

2. The "de Jure" method. Under the authority of the
Act these regulations provide that the Census of Canada is to
be taken on the " de jure" as distinguished from the " de facto
principle" i.e.: each person is enumerated as belonging to the
locality in which he or she is regularly domiciled or regularly
lives. (See Instructions 44 to 58.)

3. Date selected. The Governor in Council has named
Monday, the 1st day of June, 1936, as the day on which
the census is to be taken. The decisive hour of reckoning is
12 o'clock, or midnight, on the night of the 31st of May to
1st of June; everyone bom before that hour and everyone dying
after it is to be counted in the population. This means that
everyone living at 12 o'clock midnight, the 31st day of May, is
recorded in the population.

Enumerators are to begin the enumeration of their respec-
tive districts on the said 1st day of June, 1936, and to con-
tinue uninterruptedly from day to day, except Sundays, until
the work is completed.

4. Districts and subdistricts. In accordance with the Act
census districts are required to conform, as nearly as may be,
with the districts for the representation of the people in the
House of Commons, and census subdistricts to the cities, towns,
incorporated villages, townships and parishes which constitute
an electoral district.
16805—1

(a) Where towns, villages, townships, etc., are of small
extent, or their population few, two or more may be
assigned to one Enumerator. (See Instruction 14).

(b) Indian Reserves shall not form part of any enumera-
tion area; their enumeration will be made by the
Indian Agents, under the direction of the Bureau of
Statistics.

5. Officers for the outside service. Two classes of officers
shall be provided for the outside service as follows: —

(q) Commissioners. , This class of officers shall receive in-
structions from an officer of the 'Bureau of Statistics
at suitable and convenient places selected for that
purpose in each province, and shall have direction of
the work in the census districts for which they have
been appointed. They are to instruct Enumerators in
the details of recording the Census in the schedules; to
examine the Enumerators in respect of their qualifica-
tions and fitness; to revise the work of each Enumerator
in accordance with Instructions, and to transmit all
papers to the Bureau of Statistics, with which they shall
conduct all necessary correspondence.
(6) Enumerators. To this class of officers shall be en-
trusted the actual enumeration of the census. It is
therefore upon their judgment, discretion and intelli-
gence that the completeness and accuracy of the work
will to a very large degree depend. Every Enumerator
shall begin his work on the 1st day of June 1936, and
shall continue it from day to day (except Sundays)
until the canvass of his area is completed.
6. (1) When returns made. The census is to be taken and
all returns made before the end of the month of June, or
within a time to be fixed in Special Instructions.

(2) Returning completed schedules. As soon as the cen-
sus of his enumeration subdistrict is completed the Enumerator
is required to place the schedules, together with the certificate
of his appointment and all other census materials in the port-
folio properly secured and return them to his Commissioner in
person except as follows.

(a) Far removed. In cases where an Enumerator is far
removed from the Commissioner and has previously
received permission to forward his census returns, to
the Commissioner, by mail, he is required to have it
properly wrapped and securely tied. He will paste the

' printed mailing slip, supplied him by the Commissioner,
on the parcel after having first plainly written thereon
the name and address of the Commissioner. For
] further information see Special Letter of Instructions

regarding making returns and also instructions on Mail-
ing Slip.

If the agricultural schedules are too bulky to be
placed inside the portfolio they shall be carefully
wrapped in stout brown paper and securely tied
between cardboard to prevent damage in transmission
through the mails. Another of the Mailing Slips
properly addressed should be pasted on the outside
of the package, and mailed according to instructions on
the Mailing Slip. Whenever possible the whole of an
Enumerator's returns should be made up in a single
, parcel.
7. If vacancy occurs. Each Commissioner is empowered
to appoint an Enumerator or Enumerators in the field if. a
vacancy occurs for any cause during the time of instruction
or thereafter; he shall also, if for some unforeseen reason a
subdistrict is ascertained to be too large to permit of the com-
pletion of the work within the time specified, be empowered
to make a division of the subdistrict and appoint with the con-
sent of the Minister one or more Enumerators thereto. In such
cases the Commissioner is required to describe by metes and
bounds the new enumeration area thus set up, and send copies
immediately of the same to the Bureau of Statistics giving
his reasons for the changes made and the estimated population
in each new area.

8. Institutions. The larger institutions such as prisons,
hospitals for the insane, charitable and benevolent institutions
have been made separate enumeration districts and will be
enumerated in most cases by some employee of the institution.
The names of the Institutions which will be withdrawn from the
regular Enumerators and enumerated by special officers are listed
in the schedule of enumeration areas sent the Commissioners.

9. Supplies. The Commissioners will be supplied from the
Bureau of Statistics with instructions, schedules, and all other
printed matter and stationery necessary for distribution to
Enumerators when these are called together to receive instruc-
tions for their work.

10. Portfolios for supplies. A set of papers sufficient for
the requirements of each Enumerator, according to the extent
and population of the territory assigned to him, will be placed

16805— 1 i

in a portfolio furnished for the purpose of keeping them in a
safe and clean state throughout the progress of his work. It
may happen in certain localities that some of the schedules are
not required or only in limited quantity. It will be the duty
of the Commissioner in consultation with each Enumerator to
ascertain exactly the kinds of schedules and the number of
sheets of each that may be wanted.

11. Care of schedules. Blank schedules and schedules
already filled out must be kept in a safe place where they will
not be accessible to any unauthorized person. For the day to
day work, the Enumerator is supplied with a special envelope
to hold completed farm schedules. For other schedules a large
sheet of blotting paper is supplied which should be used to
prevent undue exposure of the filled in portion of them.

12. Certificate of appointment. The Enumerator's certi-
ficate of appointment is evidence of his authority to ask the
questions required by the Act. This certificate is to be signed
by him as indicated and should be exhibited whenever its use
will aid him in obtaining the information he seeks. It must
not leave his possession until after he has finished the enumera-
tion of the subdistrict which it covers, when it is to be returned
to the Commissioner with his completed schedules, — who will
return it to the Bureau at Ottawa.

13. Duties of Commissioners. One of the first duties of
Commissioners is to ascertain and define by written description

for the guidance of each Enumerator the boundaries of the
territory allotted to him, so that no part of the census district
may be missed, or be taken by more than one Enumerator.
(See Instructions 26-38-62.)

14. Assignment of territory. In a majority of oases each
Enumerator will be assigned one enumeration subdistrict and
will receive one portfolio, which will contain all the material
he will need in his work. Some Enumerators, however, will be
assigned a group of two or more smaller subdistricts and will
receive a separate appointment and portfolio for each. When
two or more districts are assigned to an Enumerator, he shall
complete the first subdistrict before beginning the second, and
so on. The census of each subdistrict is to be kept in its
own portfolio.

15. Census subdistrict. A written description of the
limits of the subdistrict will be pasted on the inside of the

portfolio. In certain subdistricts a map is also pasted on the
inside of the cover of the portfolio. Outside of the subdistrict
(or subdistricts), as thus described, the Enumerator has no
authority and will have no duties to perform unless otherwise
instructed.

16. Complete personal canvass required. It is the Enu-
merator's duty, personally, to visit every household and farm
within his territory, to obtain the information required with
reference to them; and to enter the same on the census schedule.
(See also Instruction 19.)

17. Enumerator's rights. An Enumerator has the right
of admission to every dwelling (including institutions) within
his territory for the purpose of obtaining information required
by the Statistics Act. He has the right to ask every question
contained in the census schedules and to obtain answers to each
and all of them. He is cautioned, however, not to mention or
emphasize the compulsory feature of the enumeration unless it is
necessary. (See Statistics Act, Sec. 36 to 40 quoted in Appendix
II. to these instructions.)

18. Authority disputed. In case an Enumerator's authority
is disputed, he should show his appointment certificate,

which he must carry with him. But it is of the utmost im-
portance that his manner shall, under all circumstances, be
courteous and conciliatory. In no instance shall he lose his
temper or indulge in disputation or threats. Much can be
accomplished by tact and persuasion. Many persons will give
information after a night's reflection which they refused to give
when first visited. (See also Instruction 12.)

19. Complete particulars. The head of every household
(or whoever gives the information for it) should be asked par-
ticulars concerning all the schedules, in order that full and
complete particulars may be gathered covering the whole scopt
of the Census for every part of the country. (See Instructions
16-17-18-20 and Statistics Act, Sections 36 to 40, Appendix II.)

20. Refusal to answer. Should any person object to answer-
ing any question on the schedules, the Enumerator shall explain
that the information is strictly confidential, that it will not
be communicated to any person whatsoever, and that no use
will be made of it which can in any way injuriously affect the
interest of individuals. After all other means have failed, the
attention of the person refusing to give information should be

called to the penalty provided in Sections 36 to 40 of the
Statistics Act for refusal to give information. Should the person
still refuse to give the information, or fail to fill out any form
required in connection with the census, the procedure to be
followed is clearly set out in the sections quoted from the Sta-
tistics Act, in Appendix II to these instructions. All such cases
should be reported immediately to the Commissioner.

21. Untruthful replies. An Enumerator shall obtain not
only an answer, but a truthful answer to each question. He
shall not accept any statement which he has any reason to
believe is inaccurate or false. Where he considers that the
answer given is incorrect he shall call the informant's attention
to Section 36 Subsection (a) of the Statistics Act. (See Ap-
pendix II.)

22. Starting point for enumeration. The work of taking
the census should begin at some well established starting point
whether it is in a township or parish, or in a city, town or
village, and should be carried on continuously and regularly,
whether it be one or more polling subdivisions or a tract of
larger extent. (In compiling the records into tables every
township, parish, city, town and village will be- kept apart. See
Instruction 23).

23. Cities, towns and incorporated villages. ' In cities,
towns and incorporated villages, where the land is usually laid
out in blocks or squares bounded on four sides by streets, the
Enumerator should start at one corner of the block and pro-
ceed around and through it, entering every house or building in
regular order and collecting all the information called for in the
schedules, before proceeding to the next block or square, and
should so continue until the whole of his subdistrict is finished.
(See Instruction 22).

24. Keep record of township, parish, etc., separate. In
a township, parish, or other rural district, where the houses are
scattered, it is advisable to start on a road or' highway at the
border line of the subdivision arid visit in succession every house
or place until the other side of the area is reached when the next
road may be taken in the same way, and so on until the whole
area assigned to the Enumerator is covered, taking care to finish
the census of one township, parish, etc., before proceeding to the
next. (See Instruction 62).

25. Mark every unincorporated village. If an unincor-
porated village is included in the Enumerator's district he shall
take the census of it separately from the rural portion proper,
but on the same schedule. Before starting the enumeration of
the unincorporated village he shall leave five lines as a separation

and write the name of the village. When the enumeration of
the village is completed he shall leave five lines and write "Here
ends the enumeration of the unincorporated village of

This separation will facilitate the tabulation of the statistics,
and it will have value as a record for historical use in tracing
the origin and rise of future towns in the country. (See
specimen schedule lines 6 to 23, page 1.)

26. Municipalities situated in two or more districts. In

some instances parts of a municipality may be situated in two
or more census districts. When this happens each part of the
divided municipality will constitute a separate census sub-
district and the census of it will be made separately and
returned in separate portfolios. When such parts are of small
extent, either in area or population, two or more enumeration
areas may be assigned to an Enumerator who will be required
to report the census of each part in separate portfolios. (See
Instructions 13-38-62.)

27. Crops and live stock not on farms. Where grain, and
gardens are grown, and domestic animals are kept, in cities, towns
and villages, the statistics of them (including values) should be
taken as carefully as the statistics of crops and animals on farms.

28. Census of crops and live stock to be taken separately
for any member of a family besides the head who is on his
or her own account an owner or producer. If any member
of a household besides the head thereof is on his or her own
behalf an owner, occupier or tenant of land or buildings, or an
owner of live stock, or a producer of crops separately
from the head of the household, a Census of such articles shall be
enumerated! under his or her own name on Schedules No. 2 or 3.

29. Oath of office. Every Census Commissioner, Enumer-
ator or other person employed in the execution of the Statistics
Act must take and subscribe an oath binding him to the faith-
ful and exact discharge of his duties under the provisions of
the Act, and in all respects as required by the Forms and
Instructions issued under the Act; and every such person who,
after having taken the prescribed oath shall desert from his
duty or who shall make wilful default in any matter required
of him by the Act or the Instructions, or who wilfully shall
make a false declaration touching any such matters, shall be
guilty of an offence and shall be liable to. a fine not exceeding
$300 or not more than six months imprisonment or both. (See
Sec. 35 Statistics Act.)

30. Secrecy of information. Every officer or other per-
son employed as Census Commissioner, Census Enumerator, or
in any other capacity under the Statistics Act is required to
keep inviolate the secrecy of the information gathered from
the public and entered on the schedules or forms. An Enumer-
ator is not permitted to show his schedules to any other person,
nor to make or keep a copy of them, nor to answer any questions
respecting their contents, directly or indirectly; and the same
obligation of secrecy is imposed upon Commissioners and other
officers or employees of the outside service, as well as upon every
officer, clerk or other employee of the Dominion Bureau of
Statistics at Ottawa. The custody of census and other statistical
records pertains solely to the Bureau, the Act expressly stating
that no individual report or return shall be published or divulged.
Moreover, no officer or employee of the Bureau is permitted to
make a search among the records for information relating to an
individual return, except for purposes of verification under the
Act. The facts and statistics of the census may not be used
except for statistical compilations, and positive assurance should
be given on this point if a fear is entertained by any person
that they may be used for taxation or any other object.

31. No private occupation permitted. The Enumerator
musb not combine with his work as Census Enumerator any
other occupation, but must devote his whole time to the work
of enumeration, in order that the census of the area assigned
to him may be expeditiously and thoroughly covered.
HE MUST NOT COLLECT, OBTAIN, NOR SEEK TO
OBTAIN ANY INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED TO
ANSWER QUESTIONS CONTAINED ON THE CENSUS
SCHEDULES. HE MUST NOT PERMIT ANYONE TO
ACCOMPANY OR ASSIST HIM IN THE PERFORMANCE
OF HIS DUTIES, EXCEPT DULY APPOINTED OFFICERS
OR EMPLOYEES OF THE BUREAU OF STATISTICS TO
WHOM THE OATH OF OFFICE HAS BEEN ADMIN-
ISTERED.

32. Who may give out information of the Census. No

result of the enumeration may be given to the public in advance
of the printed bulletins or reports except by the Dominion
Statistician acting under the authority and direction of the
Minister of Trade and Commerce.

33. Delegation of work or authority forbidden. Commis-
sioners, Enumerators and all other employees are forbidden to
engage substitutes to do any of the work they themselves have

been employed to do. Each one is to do the work assigned to
him by the Bureau of Statistics with care and expedition.

(a) Commissioners and Enumerators shall not delegate
their authority to any other person. (See Statistics
Act, Sec. 35.)

34. Civility and diligence required of an Enumerator. It

is the duty of an Enumerator on entering a house to act with
civility, to state his business in a few words, to ask the necessary
questions, to make the proper entries, and to leave the premises
as soon as his business has been transacted. His conduct must
be judicious and tactful. It is only when persons refuse to
answer questions or to give the required information that legal
proceedings may be taken against them. (See Instruction 20.)

35. Day's work and daily earnings. The day's work of
Census officers, Commissi oners, Enumerators and other employees
for the taking of the Census is not limited by hours of service
unless otherwise specified, as payment is made upon a scale of
rates and allowances of which Commissioners, Enumerators and
all other officials were informed in the letter notifying them of
their appointment. Census employees are required to use all
practicable expedition to complete the service in the shortest
time consistent with accuracy, efficiency and fullness; their daily
earnings will depend on the amount of work accurately com-
pleted each day.

36. The Statistics Act. The sections of the Statistics Act,
which apply to the taking of a census, published with these
Instructions (pp. 80 to 85 Appendix), should be referred to for
other duties of Census officers of the several classes, especially
as provided in Sections 35 to 40 of the Act; and also for the
authority under which they may proceed to collect every parti-
cular of information called for in the schedules, as provided in
the Act.

INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO ALL SCHEDULES

37. Preparation of schedules for Enumerators. The Com-
missioner will fill in the blanks in the heading of at least one
of each schedule, with the name of the province, the name of the
electoral district, the number of the subdistrict and the name of
the city, town, village, township or parish in which the subdistrict
is situated, according as the blanks in each schedule heading
requires; and he will furnish each enumerator with a written
or printed copy of the boundaries of the area assigned to him.
(See Instructions 43 and 65.)

, 38. Boundaries of Enumerator's district. The Enumerator
will study with great care the written description of the
boundaries of the territory assigned to him as provided in
Instructions 14 and 37, so that he may have a thorough knowl-
edge of it. He should make himself acquainted not only with
the precise boundaries of his territory, but with every portion
of it which may be rural or urban, so that farm lands may be
distinctly separated from towns, villages and hamlets, or parts
of such centre of population. He should be careful to set at
rest any doubt that may arise as to boundaries between his
own and adjoining enumeration districts in order to assure
himself that no single house or portion of land is omitted
from the enumeration, and that none is included which
belongs to the territory of another Enumerator. (.See Instruc-
tions 13, 22 to 26 and 62.)

39. Numbering of sheets. The number of each page will
be entered consecutively on the sheets in the blanks left for
it in the headings, and in the exact order in which they are
filled as the work of enumeration progresses. When a page is •
filled the Enumerator will sign his name in the blank left for
it in the heading. (See Specimen Schedule.)

40. Clear and legible records. The Enumerator is required
to make all entries on the schedules in black ink of good quality,
and every name, figure or mark should be clear and legible. If

a schedule cannot be read, or if the entries are made with a
poor quality of ink, or if they are blurred or blotted, the
work of the Enumerator may be. wholly wasted. The Census
is intended to be a permanent record, and its schedules will be
carefully preserved for future reference.

41. Specimen Schedules. Illustrative examples of the
method of making returns on the general Population Schedule
Form 1 and Farm Schedule Form 2 are supplied for the.
guidance of the Enumerators.

INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO THE POPULATION
SCHEDULE

42. Purpose of this schedule. The population schedule is
framed with the object of enumerating the population of the
country by name. Every person whose habitual home or place
of abode, is in an enumerator's district on the first day of June,
1936, is to be entered by name on the schedule, with the details
of information asked for on the schedule carefully filled in
according to instructions.

11,

43. Heading to be filled. Fill in all the blank spaces at the
head of each page, before entering any names thereon, with
the name of the Province, District number, Enumeration sub-
district number, and the full description of the division such
as: Glenwood Municipality, Oak Lake Town, Plum Coulde
Village, Ste. Anne Parish.

44. (1) Who are to be enumerated? This is the most im-
portant question for Enumerators to determine; therefore the
following rules and instructions should be carefully studied.

(2) Habitual home or usual place of abode. It has al-
ready been noted by Instruction 2 herein that the Canadian
census is taken under the "de jure method.". For all practical
purposes this means that each person enumerated, is counted
in the population of the district where such a person is domi-
ciled or lives. The following are examples which should be
studied carefully: —

(o) Persons away from home on business or visiting.

If a travelling salesman; for instance, lives in Winnipeg,
but happens to be absent on a selling trip at the
census date, he is counted in the population in the
district where he lives in Winnipeg.

(6) Students at college. A person attending a school or
college away from home is to be recorded in the popu-
lation of the district in which his home is situated,
and not in the population' in the district where the
school is located.

(c) Persons in hospitals. A casual patient in an ordinary
hospital does not expect to remain there permanently,
and therefore does not acquire a domicile at the hospital.
Such a person is counted in the population at his per-
manent home and not at the hospital. The rule is that
only persons having their permanent home in the
hospital are to be counted there.

There are however a very few persons who take up
their permanent residence in hospitals* and they are to be
counted in the population at the hospital in which they
live.

(d) Persons abroad. Persons temporarily absent on business
or visiting outside of' Canada are to ,be included in the
population of the district in which their' permanent, home
is in Canada.

(e) Servants. Household servants, labourers, or employees
who live and sleep on the premises of the household are
to be counted in the population, of that household.

(/) Boarders and lodgers. Boarders and lodgers are to be
enumerated in the population where they sleep.

(g) Sailors at Sea. A sailor away from his home at sea is
to be enumerated as belonging to the population at his
permanent home ashore.

(h) Lumbermen. Lumbermen away at work in the forest
are to be enumerated at their permanent home. (See
Instruction 52).

(i) Nurse in training. A nurse in training shall be counted
in the population where she is in training.

45. Absent Persons. When taking the census of a household
the Enumerator shall specifically ask if any member of the
household is temporarily absent. If there is a member absent
the Enumerator is to enter such a member's name, and other
census information to be supplied by other members of the
household, and relatives and friends of the absent person. (See
Instructions 47 and 48).

46. Domestic Servants, etc. Because the abode of domes-
tic servants has been a source of misunderstanding in the past
it is hereby emphasized that they are to be enumerated at the
place where they sleep. If they sleep at their employer's home
they are to be enumerated in their employer's household; but if
they leave every night after their day's work they are to be
enumerated where they sleep.

The same rule applies to farm labourers and employees of all
kinds. The general rule is that such persons are to be enumer-
ated where they sleep.

47. Place of residence doubtful. Where it is not known
whether an absent person will return or not the Enumerator
shall enter such person's name, together with all other informa-
mation required by Schedule No. 1 and write after the name
in Column 4 "Ab" for absent, and also enter such person's pre-
sent P.O. address in Column 5. The entry in Column 4 is to
appear thus "Smith John (ab)".

48. Absent twelve months. If a person has been absent
from a household for twelve months, and it is not known whether
he will return, the presumption shall be that he is domiciled else-
where. He shall, therefore, not be enumerated with the said
household.

49. Persons not to be enumerated. The following are not
to be enumerated with the households in which they are found: —

(a) Visitors or transients. Persons, permanent residents of
the Prairie Provinces staying temporarily at hotels,
boarding-houses, lodging rooms, with relatives or friends,
or other places are not to be enumerated at such places
if they have some other usual or permanent home.
If the permanent home is closed they will be enumerated
the regular way and the Enumerator will fill in and
return an "Absentee Household Card." [See Instruction
58 (3)].

(b) Table boarders. Persons who take their meals with a
household are not to be enumerated with that household
unless they also sleep in the household.

(c) Servants sleeping out. Servants, apprentices or other
persons are not to be enumerated with the household in
which they work unless they also sleep in the said house-
hold.

(d) Students. Children or students living or boarding with
a houshold in order to attend a school or college, but
whose home is elsewhere are not to be enumerated with
such a household.

50. Inmates of Institutions other than medical hospitals.

If there is in an Enumerator's area a prison, reformatory, jail,
penitentiary, almshouse, asylum, or hospital for the insane,
home for orphans, home for the blind, a home for deaf
and dumb, a home for incurables, an institution for feeble-
minded, a soldier's home, a home for the aged or any similar
institution, in which persons usually remain for long periods
of time, inmates of such institutions should be enumerated by the
Enumerator appointed for the subdistrict unless the institution
is made a separate enumeration area and its census provided for
as directed in Instruction 8.

51. No permanent home. Persons having no permanent
home are to be enumerated where found.

52. Construction Camps. Persons working in construction
camps, relief camps, mining camps, or places of a similar nature,
who have no permanent place of abode, are to be enumerated
where found. This does not apply, however, to persons working
at such camps who have a permanent home elsewhere; they are
to be enumerated at their home and not at their camp.

53. Prisoners in jails. It should be carefully noted that
prisoners in jails are to be enumerated at the jail in which they
are confined, and the name of the home address of such persons
is to be entered in Column 5.

54. Individual Census Form — Population. The " Indivi-
dual Census Form " is a form provided with spaces for entering
all of the census information with regard to one person. It is to
be used in securing information for persons who are absent at
the time of the Enumerator's call and for whom the required
facts can not be supplied by anyone else, especially for boarders
and lodgers. It is to be left with the head of the household, the
landlady, or with some member of the household, to be given
to the person for whom the information is needed, with the request
that it be filled out by him or her and placed in the envelope
provided, and sealed and left with the head of the household
until the Enumerator calls for it at a later date. (Instructions
for filling it out are printed on the slip). Before leaving an
"Individual Census Form," the Enumerator should make the
proper entries in the heading of the form. When the Enumer-
ator receives this form completed, he shall transfer the informa-
tion to the census schedule on the line left blank for this pur-
pose, just as if he had obtained the information in the regular
way.

This "Individual Form" must be filled up by a date and
hour required an a notice given thereon by the Enumerator.
The names of all such persons and the information concerning
them shall be entered by the Enumerator on the Population
Schedule Form 1 under the name of the head of the household
of which such persons are members. (See Instruction 55 and
Statistics Act, Section 36 in Appendix II, page 84).

55. Information must be furnished. The heads of
households and institutions are required by Section 39 of the
Statistics Act to furnish the Enumerator with all particulars
regarding every person in the family, household or institution,
as called for in the schedules. But if the head of a family,
household or institution cannot give information concerning
boarders, lodgers or other inmates (including miners, men
employed on construction work, etc.), and if such persons are
out of reach when the Enumerator calls, he shall leave with
the head of the household one copy of "Individual Form-
Population," for each such person.

The Enumerator will exercise great care to leave as many
blank lines under the head of the household in the Population
Schedule for the transcribing of this information as he
leaves copies of the " Individual Form " to be filled up by
absentees of the household.

56. Households out on first visit. In case all members of
a household are out at the first visit, or in case the only persons
at home are young children, servants or other persons not able
to supply the required information concerning the members of
the household, the Enumerator must Teturn later to enumerate
this household. If he has reliable information as to the number
of persons in the household, including possible boarders or lodgers
he should leave the necessary number of blank lines on the
Population Schedule for the entries.

57. AH members of household absent. When the Enumer-
ator finds a dwelling in his district which is usually occupied by
a household, closed and all members of the household tem-
porarily absent, he should obtain the information from some
neighbour as to number of persons in the household and report
the same at once to the Dominion Bureau of Statistics at Ottawa
on the "Closed Dwelling Card" as directed in the instructions
regarding the use of same in the following paragraph.

THE CLOSED DWELLING CARD, AND THE ABSENTEE
HOUSEHOLD CARD

58. (1) Rule. All persons are to be counted in the popula-
tion at their permanent place of abode. [See Instruction 44 (2).]
It follows conversely that no person is to be counted in the
population at the place where such person may happen to be
temporarily residing at the date of the census.

(2) The Closed Dwelling Card. Under the rule provision
must be made whereby inhabitants of a permanent dwelling
may be enumerated, when such inhabitants are all away, and
such dwelling is temporarily closed. The provision made is as
follows: —

(a) When an enumerator finds a dwelling where no answer
is made to the door-bell he is to ask neighbours,
janitors, or ' others who may know, whether the

occupants are merely out for the time being, or are
temporarily living elsewhere. If he is told that the
said occupants are living temporarily elsewhere, and if
he is unable to obtain the census information, he is to
enter the following particulars on a CLOSED DWEL-
LING CARD:—

(i) The name of the city, town, village, or place where

the closed dwelling is situated,

(ii) The name and number of the street where the closed

dwelling is situated,

(iii) The name and number of his own census district and

subdistrict.

(iv) The name of the head of the household of the closed

dwelling.

(v) The number of persons in the said household.

(vi) Where the said household now is in temporary resi-
dence.

(vii) The Enumerator's own name.

ALL CLOSED DWELLING CARDS FILLED OUT BY AN
ENUMERATOR ARE TO BE MAILED BY THE ENU-
MERATOR ON THE SAME DAY THEY ARE FILLED
OUT TO THE DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS,
OTTAWA. THEY ARE POSTAGE FREE; and for every card
properly filled in he will be paid five cents.

(b) Enter address on schedule. The name of the head of
the household when obtainable and the name and num-
ber of the street where the closed dwelling is situated
is to be entered on the Population Schedule No. 1.
Write "closed" in address column (see specimen schedule
lines 6 to 10, page 2). Leave blank a number of lines on
the schedule to accommodate the names of members
of the absent household; if the number cannot be ascer-
tained leave SIX lines blank.
IF AN ENUMERATOR DOES HIS WORK PROPERLY
EVERY DWELLING WILL BE ENTERED ON THE
SCHEDULE, AND WILL HAVE ITS INDIVIDUAL
NUMBER IN COLUMN 2 OF THE SCHEDULE.

(3) Absentee Household Card. Under the rule given above
provision must be made whereby members of a household in
temporary residence may be counted in the population at their
permanent place of abode. The provision made is as follows:

(a) When an Enumerator finds a household [a household
may consist of one person — see definition of household, Instruc-
tion 70 (2)] in temporary residence in his subdistrict, and is
advised that this household has closed its permanent dwelling for
the time being, he is to enumerate the household on his schedule
and place an asterisk or star (thus *) on the left-hand margin of
the sheet opposite every name entered; and enter the following
particulars on an ABSENTEE HOUSEHOLD CARD:—

(i) The name of the head of the household.

(ii) The names of persons in the household.

(iii) The name of the city, or town.

(iv) The name and number of the street where the permanent

home of the household is situated,
(v) The province and district of the permanent home,
(vi) The page and number of the dwelling as entered on the

Schedule No. 1.
(vii) The Enumerator's own name and the census subdistrict.

ALL ABSENTEE HOUSEHOLD CARDS COMPLETED BY
AN ENUMERATOR ARE TO BE MAILED BY THE
ENUMERATOR ON THE SAME DAY THEY ARE FILLED
OUT TO THE DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS,
OTTAWA. THEY ARE POSTAGE FREE. For every Absen-
tee Household Card mailed to the Bureau of Statistics he will
be entitled to an extra rate of five cents per card.

59. Vacant Dwellings. When the Enumerator finds a
vacant dwelling which is fit for human habitation, he is to enter
it on the schedule as follows: —

Column 1 — Enter the number of the building in which the
vacant dwelling is contained in the same way as the build-
ing number is entered for a building containing an occupied
dwelling.

Column 2 — 'Enter the dwelling number in the usual way.

Column 4— Write "vacant."

Column 5 — Write the name of the street and the street
number.

Column 8 — Enter the kind of dwelling.

Leave all other columns blank. (See specimen schedule:
page 1, line 33.)

The Enumerator will be paid five cents for every vacant
dwelling recorded.

16806—2

60. (1) Enumerate every dwelling. Every dwelling is to be
entered on the schedule whether it is occupied or not. If it is
VACANT it shall be' entered as explained in Instruction 58. If
it is ocoupied but temporarily CLOSED with the household away:
it shall be entered as explained in Instruction 58.

• (2) An Enumerator shall not take it for granted that because'
a dwelling is closed at the time of his visit that it is unoccupied-
He shall make inquiries fijom- neighbours, janitors, etc. to find out
whether: —

(a) It is VACANT.- • '■ ' : , • • • ' ': • i ' .

(6) It is CLOSED with the household temporarily ' living
elsewhere. ;

-; (c) All members of the ■ household are. out merely for the
time' being. ,"

(3) Neither' shall an"' Enumerator"' take it for granted' that
because a building -appears -.to be used- for business purposes only,
that no orie'.lives or sleeps in' -it";" he should satisfy himself by
careful , inquiries; '--'.., "-•••■ • ■ •-' ■'

- ;. 61» Method of making- record. The entries on the schedule-
shall be made as. follows:—- . „ '.

(a) Use black'inki ' " ' ' ' " • .:-■..-

-. (W Write legibly and do riot blotthe schedules. - ",

- t^). Do. not use ditto marks,, except, in.. Column .4.

'-..•.r.62.^ Political subdivisions to be kept separate. An. Enur
rnerator's district may comprise two or rno? e parts or subdivisions,
such as:r — '

(a) Two or more townships, districts/ parishes Or other divi-
:--■_-, -sjon? .-pf an,.elec.toral-: district; or; parts. of.such division ;

(b) Two or more wards of a city, town or village, or parts
thereof. .. . . , . , .. ,. .

• '"N.B;- In -all such-cases ttie-'enum'efatioh of one such 'division
of an enumeration area shall be completed before- begiriiirig the"
enumeration of-.another. -The-entries for,.ea«h subdivision 'shall
begin at the top of a new page of the Population Schedule;. and

at the end of the entries of the population for that subdivision
the Enumerator shall write, "Here ends the enumeration of

," giving the name of the township, ward or other

subdivision as the case may be, and leaving the remainder of
the' lines on that page blank. Every municipality or part of
a municipality shall constitute a separate enumeration area
and its census must be taken as directed in Instruction 13.
This applies particularly to cases where parts of a muni-
cipality are in two or more electoral districts. (See Instruc-
tions 13-26-38.)

63. Unincorporated village. Bead carefully Instruction 25.

64. Closing a day's work. At the end of each day's work
the Enumerator will draw a line in the right-hand margin of the
schedule below the .record of. the last name entered on that
day and give the date thus: June 10. (See specimen schedule.)

65. The Heading of the Schedule. The Enumerator will
"fill-out the spaces. at the top of each page of the schedule before
entering any names, on that page, with the^name of. the province,
the. district, number, the enumeration subdistrict number, and in
the last blank" on the right-hand side of the sheet he will state
whether his enumeration area is a city, town, village, township
or parish, and write his own name. ■ (See specimen, schedule) . The
Commissioner will be particularly careful that every Enumerator
under his direction thoroughly understands how to fill in the
heading of the schedules properly. He is, moreover, required to
have the Enumerators fill in the headings > of -some of their
schedules with the proper designations for ,their enumeration area
in his presence. ,. : - .,

MARGINS OF SCHEDULE \'r .

66. (1) Left margin. The following are to be indicated on
the left margin of the'Topulation' Schedule, Form No. 1.

(2) Hotels. Mark these in : the 4 left-hand- margin by a
bracket enclosing the persons living in the hotel, and by the
word "Hotel." AJso , •.write.,the name of the hotel ■ if it *has one.

.(See; specimen schedule lines 18 to 27, .page . 2.) . .; ,,;v.:..

(3) Boarding or rooming, houses. Indicate these in the left
margin of the schedule by a bracket enclosing the' persons living

16S05 — 2J

in the boarding-house, and by the word "Boarding-house." (See
specimen schedule, lines 34 to 37, page 1.)

(a) What is a boarding or a rooming house. For census
purposes a boarding or lodging house is a dwelling used
for the commercial business of housing lodgers. An
ordinary dwelling where 1 or 2 rooms are rented merely
to augment the household income is not considered a
boarding-house.

When an Enumerator finds a dwelling in which
lodgers live he is to ask if the dwelling is a boarding-
house in the above defined sense of the word.

(4) Institutions. Mark these in the left-hand margin of
the schedule by a bracket enclosing the persons living in the
institutions, and by the word " Institution." Also write the
name of the institution if it has one. (See specimen schedule,
lines 31 to 37, page 2.)

(a) What is an institution. For census purposes an institu-
tion is any place not a private dwelling, a -hotel, or a
boarding-house. The following are examples of institu-
tions:—

(i) Hospitals of all kinds.
(ii) Sanitariums,
(iii) Y.M.C.A.'s and Y.W.CA.'s.
(iv) Clubs,
(v) Hostels,
(vi) Relief camps.

(vii) Colleges, Convents, Monasteries, etc.
(viii) Military barracks,
(ix) Salvation Army Citadels, etc.
(x) Missions providing beds,
(xi) Penitentiaries,
(xii) Reformatories.

This list is not intended to comprise all places that are
institutions, but merely to provide examples. If the Enu-
merator is in doubt as to whether to mark a place an insti-
tution, it would be better for him to mark it as one, because
this can then be easily checked later.

67. Right margin. On the right margin of ' the schedule
the Enumerator is to indicate the daily progress of his work
by writing the date opposite the last person enumerated on
that date. (See specimen schedule, page 1, line 26; page 2, line 17,
on the right margin.)

COLUMN 1— BUILDING

68. (1) Number of Buildings. In Column 1 each building
shall be numbered in order of visitation. The first building
visited shall be numbered " 1," the second " 2," and so on until
the enumeration of the subdistrict is completed. The number
shall always be entered opposite the name of the first person
enumerated in each building, and shall not be repeated for
other persons, dwellings, or households in the same building.
But where an Enumerator comes back to a building previously
partially enumerated, he shall enter the same building number
again in order to identify the people with the building in
which they live. (See specimen schedule, lines 29 and 38, page 1.)

(2) Building defined. A building for census purposes, is
any structure which is used for human habitation. It may be a
"single house," an "apartment house," a "tent," a "railway car," a
"store," a "bank," or even a "dug-out" in the ground. The follow-
ing are examples: —

(a) Apartment house. This is any structure containing
what are commonly called " apartments," " suites," etc.
Such a structure counts only as one building no matter
how many " apartments," or " suites," etc., it may con-
tain.

(6) Flats. In some cities there are certain buildings in
which several families live under a single roof but
which differ from an apartment building, in that each
dwelling (flat) has its own separate and independent
entrance from the outside — usually, for those above the
ground floor, by means of a stairway on the outside
of the building. It counts only as one building.

(c) Row or Terrace. This consists of a building with solid
partition walls running through it from cellar to attic,
having a separate entrance to each' part; it has the
appearance of a number of "houses" ranged side
by side. It should be carefully noted1 that this counts
only as one building.

(d) Semidetached. This is what might be described as
a row of 2 houses, and is in many localities commonly
called a " double house." It counts only as one build-
ing. .

(e) Single house. This is, of course, counted as one building.

COLUMN 2— DWELLING

69. (1) Number of Dwelling. In Column 2 each structur-
ally separate dwelling shall be numbered in order of visita-
tion. The first such dwelling visited shall be numbered " 1,"
the second "2," and so on until the enumeration of the sub-
district is completed. The number shall always be entered
.opposite the name of the first person enumerated in each
dwelling, and shall not be repeated for other persons, or house-
holds in the same dwelling. (See specimen schedule.)

(2) Dwelling defined. A dwelling is a separate set of
premises, which is occupied by one or more households, and
has an independent entrance either from the outside of the
building containing it, or from a public passage or landing.
The following are examples: —

(a) An apartment or suite of rooms in an apartment block
is counted as one dwelling.

(6) A flat in a building containing flats is counted as one
dwelling.

years a great number of single houses have been
divided into two and sometimes three and four struc-
turally separate dwellings. After being divided they
are commonly known as "duplexes," "triplexes," etc.,
and each individual part is counted as one separate
dwelling.

W) It should be carefully noted that in some dwellings a
part consisting of the attic, or one or two rooms have
been converted into what is commonly known as " light-
housekeeping rooms." These are not really structurally
separate self contained apartments ' if the occupants
have to share certain household facilities, such as the
bathroom, or kitchen, with people living in other parts
.»•> of the house. Such "light-housekeeping rooms" are
therefore not counted as a separate dwelling.

(e) Each half of a semi-detached house is usually a separate
dwelling and- is therefore .counted- as one dwelling, but
it is sometimes converted into- a "duplex" in the
same way as ;a "single house" as explained in (c)
above, and 'in such case each part is ;counted as one
dwelling.

(/) What is commonly known as each "house" in a row
or terrace is usually a separate dwelling and counted
as one dwelling, but it is sometimes converted into a
" duplex " in the same way as a " single house " as
explained in (c) above.

COLUMN 3— HOUSEHOLD .

70. (1) Number of Household. In Column 3 each house-
hold shall be numbered in order of visitation. The first household
visited shall be numbered "1," the second' "2" and so on until
the enumeration of the subdistrict is completed. The number
shall always be entered opposite the name- of the head (See
Instruction 77) of the household, and shall not be repeated
for other persons in the household. • ■'•.'■

(2) Household defined. A household consists of a person
or a' group of persons living in one housekeeping community.
The persons constituting this group may or' may' not be re-
lated by ties of kinship, but if they live together forming a
housekeeping community they constitute a household. Thus a
servant who sleeps on the premises — such as a maid, a chore-
boy, a hired man etc., shall be included in the household for
which he or she works. , .Similarly a boarder or a lodger be-
longs to the household where he sleeps.

(3) It should be noted carefully that two or more house-
'holds may occupy the same ' dwelling. If they occupy separate
portions of the dwelling and their housekeeping is entirely
separate (separate tables), they shall be entered as seperate house-
holds with numbers in this column and the rental and number
of rooms' occupied by each household entered in Columns 7 and
.9 respectively. (See specimen , schedule, line 15, page 2.) '

(4) Households in apartments and flats. Dwellings con-
sisting of apartments or flats, ■■ etc.-, are' ..'generally.- too compact
to permit of their occupancy by more": than one household, but
nevertheless ■ there are apartments and -flats so occupied, and
.they should !not be. missed by the Enumerator. . -.-.:.■> ■• ,

(5) Households in lodging-houses. The occupants of a
lodging-house generally form a single household. There are cases,
however, of people living in boarding-houses who belong to
housekeeping communities separate from the general household
community, and they should be returned as belonging to separate
households.

(6) Households in hotels. Most people in a hotel belong
to the general hotel housekeeping community and all such
people are therefore returned as belonging to one hotel house-
hold. There are, however, persons living in hotels and par-
ticularly apartment hotels who belong to housekeeping com-
munities separate from the general hotel community, and
they should be returned as so belonging to separate house-
holds.

(7) Households in institutions. Most of the officials and
inmates of an institution belong to one general housekeeping
community within the institution, and are therefore entered
as one household. But where officers or employees live in
separate quarters carrying on their own housekeeping they
are to be entered accordingly as separate households. [For
definition of institution see Instruction 66 (4) (a).]

(8) Persons living alone. It will be seen from the defini-
tion of a household given above that a single person may
comprise a household. Any person living alone, in an apartment,
single house, flat, etc., or an employee living in a store, bank,
etc. is to be entered as a separate household.

COLUMN 4— NAME

71. (1) How to write names. Write the last name, or sur-
name first, then the given names in full. Example — Smith, John
James. Where the surname is the same on the line above, it
.should not be repeated. (See specimen schedule.)

(2) Order of names. When an Enumerator enters a dwell-
ing he should first inquire how many persons regularly sleep
there aa of June !l, 1936. He should then find out if they all
belong to the same household [See Inst. 70 (2)] or to more
than one household. If there is only one household he should
enter in this Column the names of persons belonging to it
in the following order: Head, wife, sons and daughters in
the order of their ages, relatives, servants, boarders, lodgers,

and any other persons belonging to the household. He shall
make sure that this household has a number in Column 3. If
there are two households he should next enter the names of per-
sons in the second household in the same order. He shall then
make sure that this household has a number in Column 3.

(3) Persons in Institutions. Names of persons belonging
to the general institutional household are entered in the follow-
ing order: Head officer, employees, inmate, etc.

(a) Separate households in an institution, such as households
consisting of an Army Officer and family living in special
officers' quarters in barracks, or a Doctor and family
living in special quarters provided by a hospital, etc., are
to be entered separately from the general institutional
■household and given a separate number in Column 3.

COLUMN 5— PLACE OP ABODE

72. (1) Urban districts. In cities, towns and incorporated
villages Enumerators shall enter the number of the house and
the name of the street in this column.

(2) Rural districts. In Tural districts the Township, Range
and Meridian, and in a few cases the Lot and Parish, shall be
entered in this column.

(3) Where written. The place of residence shall only be
given opposite the name of the head of the household.

COLUMN 6— HOME OWNED OR RENTED

73. (1) "Owned" or "Rented". If the head of a house-
hold owns the home in which he is living " 0 " shall be written
opposite his name in this column, but if he rents the home in
which he is living " R " shall be written opposite his name.

(2) Two or more households. If a dwelling is occupied by
more than one household it is nevertheless the home of each, and
therefore this question shall be answered with reference to each
household in the dwelling. In other words there must be either
an " 0 " or an " R " in this column opposite the head of every
household. (See specimen schedule line 15, page 2).

(3) Meaning of "Owned". The term " owned " here means
that the dwelling is owned or partly owned by the head of the
household occupying it, or by some member of his family. It is
not necessary that full payment for the dwelling should have
been made or that the family should be the sole owner.

26;

(4) Meaning of "Rented". Every dwelling not owned in
whole or in part by the head of the household occupying it or by
some member of his family, shall be entered as rented whether
..rent is actually, paid or not. ■ • ■ - -;,--..

COLUMN 7— VALUE OR RENTAL

74. (1) If owned give Value. If the dwelling is owned, as
indicated by the letter "0" in Column 6, the Enumerator shall
enter in this Column 7, on the same line as the head of the
household, the current or actual market value of the home.

(2) If rented give rent paid per month. If the dwelling is
rented as indicated by the letter "R" in Column 6 the amount
of rent paid each month shall be entered in Column 7, on the
same line as the head of the household. The amount of rent
entered in this column shall be the amount of . rent paid for
the month of May, 1936.

(3) Free tenants. Certain classes of people, such as janitors,
clergymen, . lock-keepers, etc., often are supplied with free
quarters. In such cases the estimated value of the monthly
rental based on local conditions shall be given. For example
janitors of apartments often pay no rent in actual cash for the
apartment they occupy but the amount is deducted from the
wages they otherwise would receive. So that if a janitor says
he gets his apartment free of rent, ask him how much such an
apartment rents for in the same apartment house and fill in that

'amount. ...

(4) Store or business premises. If' the monthly rental paid
includes business premises the rental value of the business
premises shall be deducted from the full rent before entering the
amount in this Column 7.

COLUMN . 8— KIND OF DWELLING .

- 75. (1) Kind of dwelling. In this column on the same lino

'.as the head. of the household state whether the dwelling of the
household is. situated in an "Apartment," " Flat," " Row or
Terrace," "Single," . "Semi-detached," etc. ... -

(2) Abbreviations used. The following abbreviations shall
be used : —

"Single"— "S"
" Semi-Detached "— " S.D."
"Apartment"— "A"
" Flat "— " F "
."Row or Terrace"— "R"

See bottom of schedule
for these abbreviations.

(3) Dwelling in "Single." This means that a household is
living in what is commonly known as a single house. An "S*
shall be entered in this column on the same line as the name of
the head of each household living in such "singles." Ordinarily
•there should be found only one household but sometimes flhey

contain two and more, each occupying different parts of the
same dwelling. (See specimen schedule, lines 11 and 15,- page 2.)

(4) Duplex. It should be carefully noted that what looks
from the outside like a "single" often reveals itself as "apart-
ments," or "flats," on the inside. These are generally converted
"singles," that is "singles" which have been structurally divided on
the inside into self-contained apartments or flats. A household
living in one of these shall have "A" or "F," as the case may be,
entered in this column.

(5) Dwelling in "Semi-detached." This means that a
household is living in what is sometimes called a "double house."
[See Inst. 68 '(2) (d).] The entry "S.D." shall be made in this
column opposite the name of the head of each household living
in such "Semi-detached" dwellings.

(6) Dwelling in "Apartment." Big apartment blocks have
been built everywhere in Canada, and the individual dwellings
contained therein are called by various names, such as, apart-
ments, suites, etc. Access to individual apartments is generally
from hallways inside the building, and the building therefore
has a street number, or sometimes more than one such number,
and the individual apartments have a dwelling number. An
" A " shall be entered in this column on the same line as the
name of the head of each household .living in such an apart-
ment. ;' ' " '

(7) Dwelling in "Flats." In some cities there, are certain
buildings in which several families live under .a single roof but
which differ from an apartment building, in that each dwelling
.(flat) has its own ' separate . and independent entrance from
■the outside — usually, for those above the' ground floor, by means
of a stairway on the- outside of the building.

An " F " shall be entered in this column on the same
line as the name of the head of each household living in such
a flat.

COLUMN 9— ROOMS OCCUPIED BY HOUSEHOLD

76. (1) Rooms. The number of rooms occupied by a house-
hold shall be entered in Column 9. The entry is to be
made on the same line as the name of the head of the household.

(2) Rooms in hotels. In ho'tels the total number of rooms
occupied shall be entered on the same line as the head of the
hotel. In some hotels households occupy permanent separate
living quarters; in such cases the number of rooms occupied by
each separate household shall be entered opposite the head of the
household, although they are included in the total number.

(a) Enumerators are cautioned to obtain the census in-
formation about a hotel from the proprietor, or mana-
ger, or responsible person in charge of- the hotel.

(3) Rooms in boarding-houses. The chief distinguishing
characteristic of a boarding-house is that all people living
in such a house board at a common table. So that households
separate from the general boarding-house household will rarely
be found. However, if such a household is found it shall be
enumerated as a separate household, and the number of rooms
occupied by it shall be entered on the same line as its head.

COLUMN 10— RELATIONSHIP OF MEMBERS OF
HOUSEHOLD TO HEAD

77. (1) Head of Household. For census purposes every
household must have a head. The name of the head shall
be entered first when enumerating a household, and on the
same line as the name the word " head " is to be written in
this Column 10.

(2) Who is "head". As a rule the father is the head; if
the father is absent the mother is " head "; if brothers and
sisters are living alone the eldest, or the one who controls
the home, is the head. When a number of men living together
form a household, one of them must necessarily be the " head."

(3) Relationship to "head". The other members of the
household are described in this column in accordance with their
relationship to the head, as, wife, son, daughter, father, mother,

grandson, daughter-in-law, uncle, aunt, nephew, niece, partner,
boarder, lodger, servant, etc.

(4) In Institutions. In an institution persons may be
designated as, officer, inmate, patient, pupil, prisoner, etc., and
in the case of the chief officer his title shall be used as, Warden,
Superintendent, Principal, etc.

(5) Private family. Each private family within a house-
hold is to be grouped by placing its members within brackets!
(See specimen schedule, page 1, lines 3 to 5; page 2, lines 1 and
2.)

(6) Private family defined. A private family consists of hus-
band and wife or parents with sons and daughters in a living and
housekeeping community.

COLUMN 11— SEX

78. Sex. In this Column 11 enter " M " for a male, and
"F" for a female.

Before entering the sex, in this column, enumerators are
to compare the name with the sex, and thus avoid making the
mistake of entering "F" opposite a masculine name, and vice
versa.

COLUMN 12— CONJUGAL CONDITION

79. (1) Single. If the person being enumerated is single
write " S " in this column.

(2) Married. If the person is married write " M ".

(3) Widowed. If the person is a widow or a widower
write "W."

(4) Divorced. If the person is divorced write "D".

(5) Legally Separated, and separated as to bed and board.

It should be carefully noted that persons legally separated, or
separated only as to bed and board, remain nevertheless married,
but they shall be described as " L. S."

COLUMN 13— AGE LAST BIRTHDAY

80. (1) Person over one year. The age of a person over
one year is to be entered as his age in completed years at his
last birthday prior to June 1, 1936.

(2) Child under one year. The age of a child not one year
old on June 1, 1936, is to be entered in completed months ex-
pressed as twelfths of a year. Thus: —

Child ' Entry tobe

One month old .. A

. Two months old... .'. .:'. A

Three months and two weeks old A

Four months and three weeks old A

(a) The age of a child who is one year old on June 2 or any
• near date following June 1, 1S36, shall be expressed as {§
because that is its age in completed months on June 1,
■the date of the census.

(.3) Child under one month. . The age of a child under one
month is. to be entered in days, thus: 5 days, 18 days.

(4) Age in round numbers. Many persons will state their
age in round numbers, like "30" or "45," or "about 30" or "about
45," when that is not their exact age. Therefore when an age
ending in "0" or- "5" is reported, the enumerator should ask
if that is the exact age. If, however, it is impossibe to get the.
exact age, enter the approximate. age, rather than return the. age
as unknown.

COLUMN 14-JBIRTHPLACE OF PERSON '

81. (1). Person born in Canada. If the person being
enumerated was born in Canada the name of" the province, or
territory, in which such person was born, shall be .entered in
Column 14. If a person does not know the province of his or her-
birth write " Canada." rather than " unknown." . The names of
the provinces, and territories, shall be abbreviated as follows: —

Province or Territory Abbreviation

Prince Edward Island... .. ... P.E.I.

Nova Scotia.". " NJ3.

New Brunswick. . .. .". v • . . N.B.

• Quebec:. .... .:. ..■■.. ...:: .. ..Que.

.'■'■ Ontario. v'-'. *■■:.* •.:'.. V; ... .. . . .. .. ■. . .. .. .. Ont.

Manitoba .. .-.- :. .-..-'■::'■.. 'i :■'.•.■ .-. Mariv ■■' '■

Saskatchewan, . ........ .... ...... .... . . .. ... .. Sask.

Alberta v;'::v. ~.. ...... .': .. ."...'.. .... ..Alberta

.... British Columbia.. ..-..,.... ,.. .....;B.C. ,■.

!; ; Yukon.'. ':..' ... '.'. ..;.,....":.'. ... ... .. :. . :. . ..;Yuk,

Northwest Territories. . .;>■■■'.,. ......... •• —,-;.•■ ..N.W.T. \

;c, ,-,(2>. Person;- born, outside-'Canada. If the person wasborn
outside of ;C,ana da the .enumerator, will enter' the- name of, the.
country (not city, town. or. state) in which ,he pr she ,was born.

■ (a) National boundaries changed. Since it is essential that
each foreign-born person be credited to the country in*
which his birthplace is now located, special attention
must be given to the countries which lost a part of
their territory in the readjustments following the World
War. These countries are as follows: —

Austria, which lost territory to Czechoslovakia, Italy,

Yugo-Slavia, Poland and Roumania.
.-Hungary, which lost territory to Austria, Czechoslovakia,

Italy, Poland, Roumania, and Yugo-Slavia.
Bulgaria, which lost territory to Greece and Yugo-Slavia.
Germany, which lost territory to Belgium, Czechoslovakia^

Denmark,' France, Lithuania and Poland.
Russia, which lost territory to Estonia, Finland, Latvia,

Lithuania, Turkey and Poland. '■ :. .

Turkey; which lost territory to Greece and Italy, and from

which the following areas became 'independent; Iraq

- (Mesopotamia); "Palestine' (includiing Transjordan) ;

' ;'!; Syria (including the Lebanon); and various States and

Kingdoms in Arabia (Ash*-, Hejaz and Yemen).

(6) Person uncertain. of birthplace.. If the person reports

one of these countries as his, place of birth, ask specir

' ' fically whether the birthplace is located within the present'

','..', area of the country; and if not, find out to what country,

it has been transferred. If a person was born in the prov-

, ' ince of Bohemia, for example, which was formerly in Aus-

tria'but is now a part of Czechoslovakia', the proper return'

for country of birth is Czechoslovakia. If the Enumerator

cannot ascertain with certainty the present location1- 'of

- \ •'■ the birthplace',- where this group of countries' is involved,

:■-:.; /'"he should enter in addition to the name of the. country,

the name; of the province or state in. which the person

was born, as Alsace-Lorraine, Bohemia, Croatia, Galicia,

■Moravia, Slovakia, etc., or the -city as Warsaw, Prague,

, Strasbourg, etc. .

'(3) Born in British Isles. Instead of Great Britain or
British Isles, .the particular- country. should be. given, .as England,:
Wales, Northern Ireland, Irish Free State, Scotland, Isle of Man,
Channel Islands, Hebrides, Orkneys, Shetlands, etc.

(4) i Language not evidence of birthplace. 'The language'
spoken' should not. be' relied' upon' to determine birthplace! r.'-l

(5) Born at sea. If a person was bom on a ship at sea
the entry shall be, " at sea."

(6) Write birthplace in full. To prevent errors and to
facilitate the work of compilation in the Bureau of Statistics,
the names of the place of birth of persons born out of Canada
must be written in full.

COLUMN 15— YEAR OF IMMIGRATION TO CANADA

82. (1) Persons born outside Canada. The year in which
a person born outside of Canada, irrespective of sex or age,
first came into this country to reside, shall be written in
Column 15.

(2) WHEN YEAR IS 1931. When the person being
enumerated gives his date of arrival, in this country, as 1931,
ask him the month of arrival, and enter the month, as well as
the year. For example, if he says he arrived in September 1931,
enter " September 1931 ".

(a) Take care to enter the month only when 1931 is the
year of arrival; for all other years enter the year, for
example, 1925. (See specimen schedule lines 17 and 18,
page 1.)

(3) Persons born in Canada. The year in which a Cana-
dian born person returned to Canada after having become a
resident of a foreign country shall be written in this column.
This includes all persons born in Canada, irrespective of age or
sex, who either through their own action or that of their parents
became resident in a foreign country, but later returned to
Canada. The entry shall consist of the year such a person re-
turned to Canada to reside.

(a) It shall be carefully noted that this instruction includes
all persons who have resided in a foreign country, and
not only those who acquired foreign citizenship.

COLUMN 16— YEAR OF NATURALIZATION

83. (1) Foreign Born. The year in which a person born
outside the British Empire became a Canadian citizen by being
granted a certificate of Naturalization is . to be entered in
Column 16.

(2) Canadian Born and British Born. A person born in
Canada or any part of the British Empire, who has lost his
British citizenship by becoming the citizen of a foreign .country
must go through the same process of naturalization as any other

alien to become a Canadian citizen. In the case of a Canadian
born naturalized in the U.S.A., the application for re-admission
to British nationality may be made directly to the Secretary of
State Department after one year from the date of the return
to Canada. The year of naturalization of any such person so
becoming a Canadian citizen shall be entered in Column 16.

(a) The Enumerator should be careful to ask everyone born
in Canada and reporting an immigration date if they
took out citizenship in the country from which they
returned to Canada.

(3) Residence required for naturalization. The residence
required of aliens before naturalization is residence in Canada
for not less than one year immediately preceding the applica-
tion, and previous residence either in Canada, or in some other
part of His Majesty's Dominions for a period of four years
within the last eight years before the application.

(a) A person who has been in the service of the Crown for
not less than five years within the last eight years
before the application may be granted naturalization.

(o) The Minister may in any special case grant a certificate
of naturalization although the four years residence or
five years service has not been within the last eight
years before the application.

(c) A person naturalized since 1915 in Great Britain,
Australia, Newfoundland, South Africa, and Canada,
only, becomes automatically a British subject in any
part of the British Empire, Imperial certificates may
be obtained by persons naturalized before this Act
came into force, on application.

(4) Foreign born child of British subject. The child of a
British subject, born in a foreign country, does not require to be
naturalized on becoming a resident of Canada, unless he has
acquired foreign citizenship. In this case enter in this column
"P.B.S." meaning Parents British Subjects.

(5) Papers applied for. If a person has applied for
naturalization papers but has not reached the full status of
citizenship the fact shall be indicated by writing "Pa." meaning
papers.

(6) Automatic naturalization. Children of persons natu-
ralized under the Dominion Naturalization Act, in force before
1915. shall be deemed to be British subjects within Canada, if they

• 16805—3

were minor and in Canada, with the parents on the date of
their naturalization or later on but before the first of January,
1915. Children of persons naturalized under the Imperial Act,
in force since 1915, shall be deemed to be British subjects in
the case only where their names are endorsed on the parents'
certificates.

(7) Married women. Until the year 1932 the wife of an
alien became naturalized automatically on the same date her
husband was granted naturalization; but now by an amendment
to the Naturalization Act, which came into force by proclama-
tion on January .15, 1932, when an alien becomes a British)
subject his wife shall not be deemed to be a British subject
unless within six months, or any longer period with the consent
of the Minister, she makes a declaration that she desires to
become a British subject.

(a) The said amendment further provided that where a
married woman would cease to be a British subject in
consequence of the change of allegiance of her husband,
she may within six months, or with the consent of the
Minister within any longer period make a declaration
that she desires to retain British nationality, and there-
upon she shall be deemed to have remained a British
subject.

;&) A woman who was a British subject previous to her
marriage to an alien and whose husband has died, or
whose marriage has been dissolved, may immediately
be granted naturalization on the death of her husband,
or upon her divorce.

(c) This change in the Naturalization Law, affecting married
women, came into effect by proclamation on January 15,
1932; previous to this date marriage to a British subject
always made the wife a British subject. Since that date
foreign women marrying British subjects do not become
British subjects unless they make application as explained
above in (7).

. N.B. — It is therefore ;now necessary to ascertain the nation-
ality ' of all wives married since January 15, 1932,
independent of their husband's nationality.

COLUMN ,17— NATIONALITY

84. (1) The term Canadian. A Canadian is a person who
is a -national of Canada. The following are nationals of Canada
and the entry in this Column for them shall be "Canada."

(a) Every person born in Canada, and so entered in Column
14, unless such a person has become the citizen of
another country.

(6) Every person born out of Canada, whose father was a
Canadian citizen at the time of that person's birth, unless
such a person has become the citizen of some other
country.

The words in bold type immediately above should be
carefully noted. They are intended to emphasize the
fact that a British subject born outside of Canada does
not become a Canadian citizen until Canadian domicile
has been acquired. A British subject can only acquire
Canadian domicile by living in this country for a period
of five years after his entry as an immigrant.

(d) A person naturalized under the laws of Canada who has
not subsequently become an alien or lost Canadian
domicile.

(2) It is to be carefully noted that a married woman does
not now automatically become naturalized when her husband
is naturalized, so that a married woman's nationality must now
be ascertained separately and independently from that of her
husband. [See Instruction 83 (7)].

(3) Other than Canadian. When a person living in this
country is not a Canadian citizen his or her nationality shall be
shown in Column 17, by entering the name of the country
of which such a person is a citizen, as — " England," " France,"
" Italy."

(a) A foreign bom person under 21 years of age is to be
entered as the same citizenship as his father.

COLUMN 18-RACIAL ORIOIN

85. (1) What is racial origin? The word " race " signifies —
"descendants of a common ancestor."

(a) It is imperative to understand that a person's racial
origin, and nationality very often are different, for
instance the Canadian nationality comprises many
different racial origins, e.g., English, French, Irish,
Scottish, Welsh, Italian, German, etc.

16805 -3 i

(fa) The name of a country from which a person came to
Canada gives no indication of that person's racial
origin, e.g., a person may have come to Canada from
Austria, but may be Polish, or German, or Italian, etc.
A striking example are the Ukrainians (Ruthenians) .
They have no Ukrainian (Ruthenian) nationality, but
have come to this country from the nations of Poland,
Russia, Austria, Hungary, and other nations of Europe
through which they are dispersed. It makes no differ-
ence what country they come from their racial origin
is " Ukrainian."

(c) Swiss is not a racial origin, the vast majority of the
people of that country being derived from the German,
French, or Italian races.

(d) The word Canadian does not denote a racial origin but
a nationality; the same applies to the word American.

(e) It is therefore necessary for the Enumerator to ascertain
a person's racial origin separately from his country of
birth, or nationality.

(2) What determines racial origin? As a general rule a
person's racial origin is to be traced through his father, e.g., if a
person's father is English and his mother French the racial origin
shall be entered as English, while a person whose father is
French and whose mother is English shall be entered as French,
and similarly for other combinations.

(a) Canadian Aborigines. For the Canadian aborigines, the
entry will be Indian or Eskimo as the case may be. For
a person of White and Indian blood, the entry shall be
"Half-breed."
(fa) Coloured stocks. For persons belonging to stock in-
volving difference in colour (i.e., the black, yellow, and
brown races) the entry shall be Negro, Japanese, Chinese,
Hindu, Malayan, etc., respectively, thus indicating the
branch within the distinct ethnic stock, to which such
persons belong,
(c) Mixed blood. The children begotten of marriages be-
tween white and1 black or white and Chinese, etc., shall
be entered in the column as Negro, Chinese, etc., as the
case may be.

COLUMNS 19-20-21— LANGUAGE

86. (1) Can speak English. In Column 19 write "yes"
for every person who can speak English. Write "no" for every
person who cannot speak English.

(2) Can speak French. In Column 20 write "yes" for
every person who can speak French. Write " no " for every
person who cannot speak French.

(3) English and French. To avoid any possible confusion
it is further explained that if a person speaks both English and
French "yes" shall be written in both Column 19 and
Column 20.

(4) Mother Tongue. By mother tongue is meant the
language learned in childhood and still understood by the person.

(a) Write out the name of the language in full. Do not
abbreviate.

(5) Principal languages. In addition to English and
French, the following languages include those most likely to be
spoken in Canada as "Mother tongue," and the Enumerator
should avoid giving other names when one given in this list
can be applied to the language spoken: —

Armenian

Greek

Roumanian

Bohemian

Gypsy

Russian

(Czech)

Hebrew

Serbian

Bulgarian

Hindu

Slovak

Chinese

Icelandic

Slovene

Croatian

Italian

Spanish

Dalmatian

Japanese

Swedish

Danish

Korean

Syrian

Dutch

Lettish

Turkish

Estonian

Lithuanian

Ukrainian

Finnish

Magyar (Hungarian)

(Ruthenian)

Flemish

Montenegrin

Welsh

Frisian

Moravian (Czech)

Wendish

Friulan

Norwegian

Yiddish

Gaelic

Polish

German

Portuguese

COLUMN 22— CAN READ AND WRITE

87. (I1) Read and write. If the person can both read and
write in any language the entry shall be "W."

(2) Read only. If the person is able to read only in any
language the entry shall be " R ".

(3) Cannot read nor write. If the person is unable to read
or write the entry shall be " No ".

(4) Enumerators are cautioned that this question relates
to a person's ability to read and write in any language. It has

nothing to do with the question whether a person can read or
write one of the two, or both, official languages of Canada.

(5) Blind persons. For a blind person write " W " if the
person could read and write in any language before becoming
blind, or, if, being born blind he or she has been taught to read
and write.

(6) Able to write name. Persons unable to read or write
are sometimes taught to sign their own names, and they may
even write a few words. The Enumerator shall ask the person
being enumerated if he can read and write, not only his own
name and a few words, but whether he has a knowledge of
reading and writing. If a person has not this knowledge he
is to be considered unable to read and write. A person able
to read the newspaper is to be entered as able to read; if able
to write a short simple letter as able to write.

(7) Persons under 5 years. For persons under 5 years of
age leave column blank.

COLUMN 23— YEARS AT SCHOOL

88. (1) Number of years at school. An entry is to be
made in this column for every person enumerated. Simply
enter the total number of years the person attended any kind
of educational institution such as, primary school, technical
school, secondary school, College, or University.

(2) No education. If the person states that he never
attended any kind of educational establishment enter "No."

COLUMN 24— MONTHS AT SCHOOL

89. (1) Number of months at school. If a person has
attended a school, or other institution of learning, or had a
private teacher for any period from September 1, 1935, to June 1,
1936, the time shall be indicated by writing the number of months
of such attendance.

(2) No school attendance. If a person has not attended a
school, or other institution of learning, or had a private teacher
for any part of the period from September 1, 1935, to June 1,

1936, the entry in this column shall be "No."

OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY

90. It is important that the entries in the occupation and
industry columns accurately describe the trade or profession of
the individual and the kind of business or industry in which, his

•occupation is carried on. Under Instruction 96 are given a
number of examples of correct designations of occupation and
industry. The words in heavy type are essential to the propel
description of the occupation and of the industry.

The Commissioner has been instructed not to certify Enum-
erators' vouchers for payment if he does not find entries in both
occupation and industry columns for every person with a gainful
occupation.

COLUMNS 25 AND 28— OCCUPATION

91. Gainful occupation defined. In census usage, a gain-
ful occupation as one by which the person who pursues it earns
money or in which he assists in the production of marketable
goods. Children working at home merely on general household
duties or chores or at odd times at other work are not to be
returned as having an occupation. Similarly women doing
housework in their own homes without salary or wages are to
be returned as "homemaker." Persons not at work on June 1
may report that they have no occupation, meaning that they
are unemployed rather than that they have never worked at a
gainful occupation. The Enumerator must remember that
Col. 25 is designed to provide information as to present
occupation if employed at the census date, or last occupation
if unemployed.

92. (1) Present occupation — Col. 25. There must be an
entry in Col. 25 for every person 14 years of age and over.
The entry shall be one of the following:

(a) Present occupation. If the person has a gainful occu-
pation and is employed on June 1, 1936.

(b) Last occupation. If the person has a gainful occupa-
tion but was out of work on the census date.

(d) Homemaker. If a woman doing housework in her own
home without salary or wage and having no other
employment.

(e) Student. If attending school or college or receiving
private tuition.

(/) None. If the person has never followed a gainful

occupation and is not a " homemaker " or a " student."

[See also 92 (6)].

(2) Present or last occupation defined. By "present" or

" last " occupation is meant the occupation followed at the date

of the census or, if the person is unemployed, the occupation in

which last employed. It must be understood that the present

or last occupation need not be different from the usual or
regular occupation (Col. 28). With the principal exception
of those cases where there is irregular employment or where
the occupation changes with the season of the year the same
occupation will likely be returned as the individual's "present"
as well as his "usual" occupation.

(3) Retired defined. Persons who on account of old age,
permanent physical disability or otherwise are no longer follow-
ing a gainful occupation are to be entered in Col. 25 as "retired"
and in Col. 28 as of the occupation formerly followed. Only-
persons who at some time had a gainful occupation and arc
no longer employed nor seeking employment shall be reported
as " retired."

(4) Homemaker defined. In the case of a woman doing
housework in her own home, without salary or wages, and
having no other employment but being responsible for the
domestic management of the home, the entry in Col. 25 shall
be "homemaker." But if a woman, in addition to doing house-
work in her own home, regularly earns money at some other
occupation, whether carried on at home or outside, then that
occupation will be entered in Col. 25 and not " homemaker."
Where a woman keeps lodgers or boarders as a means of
supplementing family earnings she shall be returned as a
"lodging-house keeper" or "boarding-house keeper" when the
number of lodgers or boarders exceeds the number of members
of the family.

(5) Student defined. Every child, 14 years of age and' over
regularly attending school or college or receiving private tuition,
shall be returned as "student." Even if earning small sums of
money after school or on Saturdays as messengers, newsboys, etc.,
they shall be enumerated as students. Only when the child is not
attending school and is employed most of the day at some
occupation, or is wholly assisting his parents on a farm or in a
store, will he be reported as having a gainful occupation.

(6) None or no occupation defined. For all other persons
who have no gainful occupation the entry in Col. 25 shall be
"none." These include such adult dependents as invalids at
home or in institutions, persons with private means, etc., who
have never followed a gainful occupation and, therefore, would
not be returned as " retired ". Young persons under 25 years
of age who have never had a gainful occupation and are not
at present attending school shall in addition be asked whether
or not they are actually seeking employment. If the answer
is in the affirmative the Enumerator must add the word "yes"

in the same column, as "none (yes)," and if the reply is in the
negative the entry in Col. 25 will be "none (no)." (See speci-
men schedule Col. 25.) Where the entry "none (yes)" applies
the Enumerator will further inquire whether this young
person has qualified for some profession or trade. If so,
the exact description of such calling will be entered in
Col. 28 — usual occupation (see Instruction 93 (3) below).

93. (1) Usual occupation — Col. 28. In Col. 28 the usual
or regular occupation shall be entered for all persons 14 years of
age and over, who in Col. 25 were reported as having a gainful
occupation, as "retired," or as "none (yes)". In addition, there
must be an entry in Col. 28 for all inmates of institutions, 14
years of age and over. Do not make an entry in this column for
any person entered as " homemaker " or " student " in Col. 25.

(2) Usual or regular occupation defined. By "usual " or
" regular " occupation will be understood the trade, profession
or calling which the individual customarily follows.

(3) Young persons reporting "none (yes)" in Col. 25

who have qualified for a particular trade or profession but have
not been successful in finding employment therein, are to be
given this trade or profession as their usual or regular occupa-
tion. All other persons reporting "none (yes)" in Col. 25 will
be given the entry " none " in Col. 28.

(4) Persons who have retired from gainful employment
are to be returned as of the occupation they regularly followed
prior to retirement.

(5) Inmates of institutions are to return the occupation
regularly followed prior to commitment if they had' at some
time followed a gainful occupation. If an inmate of an institu-
tion has never followed a gainful occupation the entry in Col. 28
will be " none."

(6) Persons who have been separated from their regular
occupation for some time and have little expectation of resum-
ing it will be asked to state the occupation most commonly fol-
lowed during the past two years and this shall be entered as
their usual occupation.

(7) If a person has two occupations which he customarily
follows during the year return the one at which he spends most
of his time or makes the larger part of his annual ea'rnings.

94. (1) FOR PERSONS REPORTING A GAINFUL
OCCUPATION IN EITHER COL. 25 OR COL. 28 THE
FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS MUST BE CAREFULLY
STUDIED:—

(2) Occupations on farms. A person running his own farm
or operating a farm as a tenant or renter shall be- returned as
" farmer." A person managing a farm for someone else and
being paid a wage or salary shall be reported "farm manager."
A person working on a farm as a farmer's son or hired man
whether receiving pay or not shall be entered as " farm
labourer." Where two or more persons, usually members of the
same family, share in the ownership and management of the
farm they are to be enumerated as " farmers." Women operat-
ing their own farms shall be returned as "farmers," but only
in cases where women are working regularly at outdoor farm
work or caring for live stock or poultry on a farm operated by
someone else shall they be reported as " farm labourers."
Children who spend most of the day assisting in the work on
the farm, other than household work, shall be returned as
" farm labourers."

(3) Unusual occupations for women. Women are rarely
found in most primary occupations, i.e., as miners, fishermen,
loggers; nor in building trades, i.e., as carpenters, plumbers,
etc.; nor in most railway or road transport occupations, i.e., as
locomotive engineers, motormen, truck drivers, etc.; nor in most
heavy occupations in factories or elsewhere. Where a woman
is reported as having an occupation not usually followed by
women make further inquiry before accepting the statement as
given.

(4) Unusual occupations for children. It is unusual for
a child to be found in a position of ownership of a business
or to be a proprietor of a farm, factory or store. Nor is it
likely that he or she would be working in an official capacity,
as manager or foreman, nor following a profession or a skilled
trade. The Enumerator shall in all cases note the age of
working members of the family for whom such occupations are
reported and verify doubtful cases.

(5) Kind of agent, engineer, inspector, etc. In an occupa-
tion inquiry it is essential that a complete description of the
occupation be obtained. As will be apparent from the following
illustrations, the terms "agent," "engineer," "inspector," and
so on, are very inadequate descriptions of occupations. An agent
may be an insurance agent, a purchasing agent, a ticket agent,
etc.; an engineer may be a civil engineer, a stationary engineer,
a locomotive engineer, etc.; and an inspector, a school inspector,
a meter inspector, a food inspector; and so on. Similarly
with occupations that actually describe specific processes in the

making of articles of manufacture, the kind of material on which
the process or operation is performed must be known. For
example, a polisher may be either a metal or a wood polisher,
a cutter either a leather or a cloth cutter, and a cleaner either
a window or garment cleaner, and each is quite a distinct
occupation.

The full description of both the present and the usual
occupation must be secured and entered in Col. 25 and Col. 28
respectively. Be careful not to enter in the space allowed for
the industry (Col. 26 or Col. 29) information that pertains to
the occupation only (see Instruction 96 for further examples of
occupation descriptions).

(6) Officers, employees and inmates of institutions and
homes. For an officer or regular employee of an institution
or home, such as an asylum, penitentiary, jail, or of a sani-
tarium, return the occupation followed in the institution. For
an inmate of such institution, if regularly employed therein,
enter in Col. 25 the occupation pursued in the institution as
his present occupation. If he has no regular occupation in the
institution the entry in this column will be "none." Be careful
to inquire as to his usual occupation, if any, prior to commit-
ment to the institution and enter such occupation in Col. 28.
If he has never followed a gainful occupation the entry in
Col. 28 will be "none."

(7) Vague and indefinite occupation returns. Do not

accept such vague expressions as helper, office worker, mechanic,
mill hand, labourer, etc., where the individual can give a more
specific description of the occupation followed. Office workers
may be bookkeepers, stenographers, clerks, and so on. Persons
reported as labourers or mechanics may be found to have on
further inquiry some definite occupation, as boiler fireman,
steam fitter, machine setter, caretaker, etc. (see also Instruc-
tion 96).

COLUMNS 26 AND 29— INDUSTRY

95. (1) Present industry — Col. 26. All persons, 14 years
of age and over, reporting an occupation in Col. 25 shall be
asked to state the kind of industry or service in which their
occupation is carried on, and if unemployed on the census date
the industry in which last employed shall be given, and this
information will be entered by the Enumerator in Col. 26.

(2) Usual industry — Col. 29. Every person for whom an
occupation is recorded in Col. 28 (usual occupation) will be
asked to report the industry in which customarily employed
and the answer to this inquiry will be entered in Col. 29. No
entry will be made in Col. 29 for a young person whose trade
or profession has been entered in Col. 28 but who has never
been employed.

(3) Kind of industry. In reporting the industry or service
in which a person is employed it is important to indicate the
particular type of business, i.e., the kind of farm, mine, factory,
railway, store, service, as the case may be. For example, if the
person is working on a farm find out whether it is a dairy farm,
grain farm, etc., or if employed in a mine, whether it is a coal
mine, copper mine, etc., or if working in a factory or mill,
whether it is a saw mill, an iron foundry, a biscuit factory, etc.,
or if employed on a railway, whether it is a steam or street
railway, or if working in a store or trading establishment, whether
it deals in drugs, groceries, hardware, clothing, etc., and
whether operating as a retail or wholesale establishment.

(4) Indefinite industry returns. Never accept the return
"company," "office," or "firm," or the name of the concern,
without further information as to the nature of its operations.
Such terms by themselves do not indicate whether the industry
is a primary one, whether it is concerned with the secondary
process of manufacture, or with the sale of goods.- The expres-
sion "furniture company," for example, would not tell whether
the business was manufacturing or dealing.

(5) General. In brief, the Enumerator must make clear
(1) whether the industry is concerned with primary production,
manufacture, trade, transport, or service, and (2) the kind of
product produced or dealt in, or the type of service rendered.
Where the person is employed in trade also ascertain whether
it is wholesale or retail trade (see Instruction 96 for examples
of industry descriptions).

96. Illustrations of occupation and industry. The

Enumerator should study carefully the following examples of
completed occupation and industry descriptions. The words in
heavy type are necessary to an accurate recording of the nature
of the occupation and the kind of industry of each gainfully
occupied person.

Occupation Industry Status

Cols. 25 or 28 Cols. 26 or 29 Cols. 27 and 30

Farm labourer Dairy farm NP

Stationary engineman .... Coal mine "W

Foreman Flour mill W

Seamstress Dressmaking W

Pattern maker Iron foundry "W

Timekeeper Meat packing house .... W

Metal polisher Hardware factory "W

Electrical engineer Street .railway W

Civil engineer Highway construction . . W

Sales agent Drug mfg "W

Insurance agent Life insurance W

Manufacturer's agent.... General merchandise OA

Purchasing agent Wholesale groceries W

Manufacturer Paper boxes E

Cook Logging camp W

Servant Private home W

"Waitress Tea room W

Car inspector Steam railway W

Building inspector City W

Sales clerk General store NP

Office clerk Department store W

Commercial traveller .... Implement factory W

Salesman Wholesale tobacco W

Contractor Buildings E

Plumber Plumbing OA

Truck driver Dairy . . . '. W

Teamster Wholesale lumber "W

Graduate nurse Private nursing W

Nurse in training Hospital W

Practical nurse Home nursing W

COLUMNS 27 AND 30—STATUS

97. (1) Where an occupation has been entered in Col. 25
(present occupation) there must be an entry indicating the
status of the person in Col. 27, and, similarly, in every case where
an occupation is recorded in Col. 28 (usual occupation) the
Enumerator will enter the kind of status in Col. 30. It must
be remembered that the person's status in his usual occupation
need not be the same as in his present occupation. For example,
a person whose regular or usual occupation is "storekeeper" on
his own account might at the census date be employed as a
"sales clerk" in a department store. His status in his usual
occupation would be " OA" (own account) though in his present
occupation he is a wage-earner ("W"). Every person with a
gainful occupation is one of the following:

(a) Employer (c) Wage-earner

(b) Own account (d) Unpaid family worker

(2) Employer, "E" defined. If persons such as millowners,
storekeepers, manufacturers, farmers, etc., employ helpers, other
than domestic servants, in their own business, they are to be
classed as employers, and the entry " E " (for employer) made
in these columns. The term "employer" does not include
managers, superintendents, foremen, agents or other persons who
may engage help to carry on a business, but who are conducting
the enterprise for some other person than themselves. All such
persons should be returned as wage-earners ("W"), for while
anyone of these may employ persons, none of them does so in
transacting his own business. Thus no individual working for a
corporation, either as an officer or otherwise, should be returned
as an employer but as a wage-earner.

(3) Own account, "OA" defined. Persons who are em-
ployed in gainful occupations and who are neither employers nor
employees are considered to be working on their own account
and the entry "OA" (for own account) will be made in
the status column concerned. Such persons as farmers, physicians,
lawyers, small storekeepers, country blacksmiths, etc., who em-
ploy no helpers, — in short independent workers who receive
neither salaries nor regular wages — are to be classed as work-
ing on own account ("OA"). Dressmakers, washerwomen,
laundresses or . other persons of similar occupation who work
out by the day are wage-earners, but if they perform the work in
their own home or shop they are to be classed as working on
own account ("OA") unless they employ helpers, in which case
they are to be returned as employers (" E ") .

(4) Wage-earner, "W" defined. A person who works for
salary, wages, commission, or on piece rates, whether he be the
general manager of a bank, railway, or manufacturing establish-
ment or only a day labourer, is a wage-earner and shall be so
returned, and the entry " W " (for wage-earner) will record his
status. The term wage-earner does not include such persons as
lawyers, doctors, and others who work for fees, and who in their
work are not subject to the control and direction of those whom
they serve.

(5) Unpaid family worker, "NP" defined. This entry will
be made where persons, usually boys or girls working for
parents, are employed full time on a farm, in a store, etc., but
receive no fixed' money payment.

UNEMPLOYMENT

98. (1) The purpose of the inquiries under this head is two-
fold: (a) to obtain information as to the number of wage-
earners not at work at the census date, June 1, 1936, and the
reason for their absence from work; and (b) to find out how long
since they last worked. The Enumerator should consult the
Specimen Schedule carefully as well as the following instructions
for a clear understanding of the nature of this inquiry.

(2). As defined in Instruction 97(4) a wage-earner is a person
who works for wage or salary whether he be the manager of a
bank or a labourer on odd jobs.

COLUMN 31— AT WORK JUNE 1, 1936

99. If a wage-earner, were you at work on June 1, 1936.

The Enumerator must make an entry in this column for every
person reporting an occupation in Col. 25 and for whom the
letter " W," for wage or salaried worker, has already been
entered in Col. 27. The entry will be either "yes" or "no."
If the entry is "no" there must also be an entry in Col. 32 and
also in Col. 33.

COLUMN 32— WHY NOT AT WORK

100. (1) If not at work on June 1, 1936, why were you
not at work. There must be an entry in Col. 32 for each,
person reporting " no " in Col. 31. The entry will be one of the
following :

(a) No job (e) Accident

(6) Lay-off (/) Strike or lockout

(d) Sickness

(2) No job denned. This will be recorded as the cause of
unemployment when the person has no employment nor any
reasonable prospect of returning to his former job.

(3) Lay-off denned. The Enumerator should be careful to
distinguish between those persons who have no jobs and those
who have a job of some kind but are on lay-off owing to
seasonal slackness, plant break-down, etc. Where the person is
not at work on June 1, 1936, due' to involuntary lay-off, without
pay, owing perhaps to a temporary shut-down of a plant, mine,
etc., or to a partial . lay-off of working force where the firm is
operating on the day of the census, enter "lay-off" in this
column.

(4) Holiday defined. This reason will be given where the

person is on annual vacation or taking the day off voluntarily;
with or without pay, or where he is away from work because
the census date happens to coincide with his weekly rest day

(5) Sickness defined. If a wage-earner is not at work on
the census date owing to a personal sickness or to illness in the
family, report the cause as "sickness."

(6) Accident defined. Where the person is not at work on
June 1, 1936, due to personal injury enter "accident" as the
cause, but an accident to machinery which makes necessary the
closing down of a plant for a period of time should not be re-
ported as "accident" but "lay-off." Only in cases of personal
injury will the reason " accident " be entered in this column.

(7) Strike or lockout defined. This reason will be returned
where the person is not at work on the census date owing to an in-
dustrial dispute.

(8) Other cause defined. If the reason given does not
seem to fall under any of the types of causes mentioned above
the Enumerator shall state the reason exactly as reported.

COLUMN 33— WHEN LAST EMPLOYED

101. If not at work on June 1, 1936, how many weeks
since last employed. For all persons for whom the entry is
" no " in Col. 31 there must be an entry in this column. In
answering this question care must be exercised to obtain the
exact number of weeks of continuous unemployment. Brief
employment of less than a day's work per week on odd jobs
and all unpaid labour performed at one's home while seeking
other employment shall be disregarded.

EMPLOYMENT

COLUMN 34— FULL OR PART TIME OR RELIEF

102. (1) If you have a job of any kind state whether it
is a full or part time or relief job. For all persons with
an occupation in Col. 25 and for whom the letter " W " is
entered in Col. 27 there must be an entry in Col. 34. This
entry will be "full," "part," or "relief" in all cases, except
where the person reports "no job" in Col. 32 or "lay-off"
(of more than one week's duration prior to June 1, 1936). In
the latter case a dash will be entered in Col. 34.

(2) Full or part time. For persons who worked' their
regular or full number of working days during the week prior
to the census date, enter "full" (time). Exception will be
made in the case of persons who, though having worked the
full number of working days during this week, earned less than
normal weekly wages owing to a reduction in the hours worked
per day. In these cases the entry must not be " full " time but
"part" time. A person will be returned as "part" (time)
whose total hours of employment during the week prior to
June 1, 1936, were less than the normal hours of work per week
for his particular trade. Lay-off during the week of not more
than one-half day's duration shall not be regarded as placing
a person on a part time basis of employment. Furthermore,
time off during the week owing to sickness, accident, vacation,
or industrial dispute will not be considered in deciding whether
the worker is employed on a part time basis or not. The
question in such cases will be whether the worker would have
worked the normal working week had he not lost time owing to
sickness, accident, vacation or industrial dispute. The same rule
will apply where persons have not worked at all during this
week for these reasons. Where there is serious doubt as to
whether the individual worker is in full or part time employment
state the hours worked during the week preceding the date
of the census, June 1, 1936.

(3) Relief job. All persons employed during the week prior
to the census date on relief jobs of any kind shall be reported as
" relief." Road or highway works undertaken during the depres-
sion by public authorities or by construction firms at public
expense are often of this kind. If there is any doubt as to
whether a person is employed on a relief project or not the
Enumerator will inquire as to the name of the employer and
place of work and decide from his information as to relief works
in the locality what entry to make in this column.

COLUMN 35— WEEKS EMPLOYED

103. How many weeks worked during the 12 months
prior to June 1, 1936, including holidays with pay. An entry
must be made in this column for all persons reporting an occupa-
tion in Col. 25 or Col. 28 and with the letter " W " in either
Col. 27 or Col. 30. Where the information is given in months
care must be taken in converting the period reported to a weekly
basis.- For example, 3 months will be entered as 13 weeks, not 12
weeks, 6 months as 26 weeks, not 24 weeks, etc. For persona
whose employment has been of an irregular character some assist-

16805—4

ance in remembering time worked may be obtained from the
record of the total earnings received during the 12 month period
preceding the date of the census. Persons on salary who receive
holidays or sick leave with pay shall include such period as time
worked. For example, a teacher will be reported as working 52
weeks during the 12 months prior to June 1, 1936, if he has worked
the full school year. Only weeks worked as a wage-earner are to
be reported. This procedure applies where a person is recorded as
a "W" (wage-earner) in only one of the two status columns.

EARNINGS

COLUMN 36— EARNINGS

104. Total earnings during the 12 months prior to

June 1, 1936. In this column will be entered the total earnings
for the 12 months prior to June 1, 1936, of every person report-
ing an occupation in Col. 25 or Col. 28 and recorded as " W "
in cither Col. 27 or Col. 30. The Enumerator shall obtain for
all persons working for salary, wages, commission or on piece
rate payment their total earnings for the year prior to the census
date. Only earnings received for the period of the census year
worked as a "W" (wage-earner) shall be reported. See also
Instruction 103. Income from pensions, investments, direct
relief, or other sources is not to be included.

CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE

105. Objects of the Census of Agriculture. The census
of Agriculture was authorized for the purpose of obtaining (a)
accurate statistics relative to farm land, buildings, live stock and
other, farm property on June 1, 1936; (b) the statistics for the
year 1935 concerning Crops, Live Stock Products, Farm Ex-
penses, etc.; (c) the statistics of incidental Agricultural Produc-
tion, Live Stock, Animal Products, etc., " not on farms " and
(d) the statistics of "Vacant Farms and Abandoned Farms."

106. Census Schedules are confidential. The information
reported on the census schedules will be treated as strictly con-
fidential under all circumstances, and will not be seen by any
person except the sworn employees of the Bureau of Statistics.

.In particular this information will not be used as a basis for
taxation nor will it be communicated to any Tax Assessor. The
Enumerator is under oath and he shall make this point clear,
especially in dealing with persons who seem to be unwilling to
give the- information requested. To ensure safety and secrecy of
returns, each schedule* as soon as it is filled in, shall be placed in
the receptacle provided by the office for that purpose.

107. (1) Schedules to be used. Three schedules are to be
used by the Enumerator in taking the census of Agriculture;
(1) the General Farm Schedule, Form No. 2; (2) the schedule
for "Vacant or Abandoned Farms," Form No. 2a; and (3) the
schedule relating to "Animals and Animal Products not on
Farms," Form No. 3.

(2) The "General Farm Schedule" (Form No. 2) shall be
.used in the enumeration of all farms of one acre and over whether

located in urban or rural localities. (See Instruction 114.)

(3) Form No. 2a shall be used for reporting "Vacant Farms
and Abandoned Farms." (See Instructions 117 and 202 and
definitions on the schedule.)

(4) Value of field crops (Form 2b). The Enumerator is
required to furnish on this schedule an estimate of the unit values
of the farm crops reported in the census for his enumeration area.
The values supplied on this form will be representative of the
whole locality and not of any particular farm. (See Instruction
203.)

(5) Form No. 3 shall be used for reporting "Animals and Ani-
mal Products, Home Gardens, Bees, Poultry, etc.," kept in cities,
towns and villages or elsewhere, in places, not covered b' jhe
General Farm Schedule, Form No. 2. While Schedule No. 3 has
been primaril3' designed to obtain the census of agricultural pro-
duction, live stock, etc., on small plots in cities, towns or
villages it has reference to the census of all plots of less than
one acre wherever situated. (See Instructions 204 to 210.)

GENERAL FARM SCHEDULE— FORM 2

108. Instructions and explanations are given for the most
part on the form itself in conjunction with each question. In
addition, however, the Enumerator shall study carefully both
the Schedule and the Instructions herein given, before at-
tempting to fill out the first farm schedule; He shall pay
particular attention to the Specimen Schedule and note care-
fully the way it is filled. Inquiries on the schedule with regard
to which there are no instructions are assumed to. be self
explanatory.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS AND DEFINITIONS

109. Specimen Schedule. In addition to this "Book of
Instructions" which the Enumerator shall study carefully, a
•" Specimen Schedule " printed on • blue paper has been provided

16805— 4J

to show the method of filling out the General Farm Schedule
"Form No. 2." If any questions arise in the mind of the Enum-
erator, as to any inquiry, after he has studied carefully the Book
of Instructions and the Specimen Schedule he shall apply to
his Commissioner for further instructions.

110. General method of filling out schedules. The

Enumerator shall use black ink and take pains to write legibly
and in particular to make figures so plain that there will be no
doubt as to their meaning. It is very essential that erasures
should be avoided, and this can be done only by thoroughly
mastering the schedules and instructions before starting the
canvass. By paying careful attention to the instructions the
Enumerator will avoid having incomplete or carelessly pre-
pared schedules returned to him for correction. All values
shall be entered in round numbers omitting the cents.

111. Location of farm. The Enumerator shall carefully
fill in the spaces at the top left-hand corner of the front page of
the schedule, the Province, Electoral District, Municipality,
Enumeration Subdistrict and also the townships by section, range
and meridian, using a separate line for each section or part of
section, as instructed.

112. Enumerator's record. The Enumerator is to fill out
carefully the blank spaces under this heading at the top right-
hand corner of the front page of the schedule. The farms shall be
numbered in the order they are visited beginning with number
(1) and continuing in order throughout the enumeration dis-
trict until the census of the subdistrict assigned to him is com-
pleted. Then he is to enter in the proper spaces the number
of the population sheet and the number of the line on that
sheet where the name of the farm operator is written. These
figures are necessary for identification purposes and are never to
be omitted except where the farm operator does not reside in
the Enumerator's subdistrict. In that case the word "Non-
Resident" shall be written opposite the page and line.

113. (1) Source of information. The Enumerator shall
obtain information about a farm from the "farm operator"
when possible. If it is necessary to obtain the information from
another member of his household or from some other person, pre-
caution shall be taken that the person furnishing the information
is reliable and competent to give the same. If he finds a farm
whose operator resides outside his enumeration subdistrict at
the time of the enumeration so that it is not possible to see him
or his family personally he shall secure the information from a

neighbour or from any other reliable source that may be avail-
able and note at the top of the schedule that it was so obtained.
It is imperative that a completed schedule be turned in for
every farm in the subdistrict assigned to the Enumerator
whether the "farm operator" is resident or non-resident.

(2) The Enumerator shall obtain the information from
the operator of the farm at the time of his visit even though
this farm operator may have recently moved on the farm and
may not have operated it during the preceding year. The new
farm "operator" will be able to give at least approximate
figures for the previous year's crops and other products. A
farm operator who has recently taken possession of the present
farm shall not report the crops that he raised in 1935 on his
other farm.

114. (1) Definition of a "Farm." A farm for census pur-
poses, is all the land which is directly farmed by one person
conducting agricultural operations either by his own labour or
with the assistance of members of his household or hired
employees.

(2) The term " agricultural operations " is used as a genera]
term referring to the work of growing crops, producing other
agricultural products, and raising domestic animals, poultry and
bees. (See Instruction on General Farm Schedule.)

(3) A "Farm" as thus defined may consist of a single
tract of land, or of a number of separate and distinct tracts,
and these several tracts may be held under different tenures,
as when one tract is owned by the farmer and another is rented
by him from another person. Thus, if a man who owns 120
acres, rents an additional 20 acres from another person and
operates both the 120 acres owned and the 20 acres rented,
then his "farm" consists of 140 acres.

'(4) When a landowner has one or more tenants, renters,
croppers, or managers, the land operated by each of these is
considered a "farm." Thus, the land operated by each cropper
or tenant should be reported as a separate farm, and the land
operated by the owner or manager shall likewise be reported
as a separate farm. Or, to take an example of a different kind,
if a man owning 160 acres of land rents 60 acres to a tenant and
farms the remaining 100 acres himself, his "farm" is the 100
acres which he operates, not the 160 acres which he owns, while
the: 60 acres rented constitute a separate farm to be reported
in the name of the tenant.

(5) Report as a "farm" any tract of land of one acre
or more which reported' agricultural products to the value of
$50 or more on such tract in 1935.

115. Market gardens, dairies, etc. All market and truck
gardens, fruit orchards, nurseries, greenhouses, poultry yards,
apiaries and all dairies in or near cities, towns and incorporated
villages having one or more acres of land, are, for census pur-
poses, farms, provided they produced in 1935 agricultural pro-
ducts to the value of at least $50, and shall be reported on the
"General Farm Schedule No. 2," otherwise they shall be re-
ported on Schedule No. 3.

116. Institutional farms. The lands utilized by institu-
tions such as schools, almshouses, hospitals for the insane, etc., for
growing vegetables or fruits or carrying on other agricultural
operations, are for census purposes, farms. The census reports
for such farms shall include only the land used for agri-
cultural purposes, and their value is the value of that land,
together with the value of such buildings only as are used
mainly for agricultural purposes. Do not include the value of
any buildings used exclusively for the care of inmates, or for
housing or instruction of students in schools. The name of
the executive officer of the institution or of the manager of
-Me farm is to be written in answer to Inquiry No. 1.

117. Vacant Farms and Abandoned Farms, Form 2a. The

Enumerator shall make a report of every Vacant Farm and
every Abandoned Farm in his enumeration subdistrict as required
by instructions and explanations on the schedule "Form No. 2a."
If the Enumerator cannot get exact information to fill in all the-
questions he shall get the best information possible. Neighbours
living near the "Vacant Farm" or the "Abandoned Farm" will,'
ordinarily, know sufficient about the said farm to answer all the
questions in a satisfactory manner. For every such record, made
in accordance with the instructions previously noted the Enum-
erator will be paid the schedule rates. (See Instructions on- the
Form and Instruction 202.)

118. All Questions shall be .answered in order. Give the
information asked for on the schedule in the order of the
inquiries for every crop produced and every kind of animal on
the farm. Inability to obtain exact data does not justify failure
to answer a question. The most accurate returns that the cir-
cumstances permit must be obtained. . If the "Advance-
Schedule" (See Instruction 119) has been prepared by the farmer
previous to the Enumerator's visit the information shall be

taken from it. If farm records or accounts are kept, take figures
from these. If such records are not available, careful estimates
shall in all cases be obtained or made. Make no entries in
spaces marked thus "XXX."

119. Advance Schedule. In order to assist the farmer in
preparing answers to the various inquiries on the agricultural
schedule which related to the operations of the year 1935, a copy
of these inquiries was mailed to every farm operator in the three
provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta with the
request that he study the schedule carefully and fill in answers
to the various items while the facts were fresh in his mind and
keep the schedule until the visit of the Enumerator. The Enumer-
ator shall ask the farmer as to this schedule and if the farmer
has prepared the report for his farm, go over it with him and
after making the necessary corrections copy the report on the
General Farm Schedule. The Advance Schedule shall be left
with the farmer. Keep in mind that the Advance Schedule
deals only with the operations of the year 1935 and that the
questions on the schedule relating to the year 1936 must be
obtained directly from the farm operator. If, however, the
farmer has not filled in the Advance Schedule, the Enumerator
shall proceed to obtain the census records in the usual way.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR SPECIFIC INQUIRIES

The following instructions relate to specific inquiries on the
General Farm Schedule, Form 2. Inquiries with regard to which
no instructions are given are assumed to be self-explanatory.

FARM OPERATOR, June 1, 1936

Answers to Inquiries 1. to 6 inclusive must be entered on
every schedule.

120. Inquiry 1. Name. The. name of the person oper- .
ating the farm shall be reported under this inquiry, not that of
a firm, institution, school, etc., which may own the land. When
a farm is operated by a tenant or hired manager his name as:
operator shall be reported as the answer to this question.

121. Inquiry 2. Post Office Address. The correct post
office address of the person whose name is entered after
Question 1 shall be obtained by direct inquiry. The Enum-
erator shall not assume because the farm may be located
near some town or village that, the operator receives his mail
through a. post office located there. If the operator lives on a.
rural route the number of the route shall be. given as "KJt
No. 1 or 2" as the. case may be. : : : .

122. Age. The age of the farm operator will be given in
a similar manner as on the Population Schedule, Form No. 1.

123. Inquiry 3. Birthplace. If the operator was born
in Canada give the province of birth, but if born outside of
Canada, the country of birth. (See Instruction 81).

124. Racial Origin. The racial origin of the farm operator
will be given in a similar manner as on the Population Schedule
Form No. 1. See Instruction 85 for detailed instructions as
to how to determine the racial origin of a person. The purpose
of the information sought in this inquiry is to measure as
accurately as possible the ethnical sources from which the farm
operator has been derived.

125. Inquiry 4. How long have you lived in Canada if
not Canadian born. This inquiry is intended to elicit informa-
tion regarding the number of years the operator, if born outside
of Canada, has lived in Canada. The answer to this inquiry is of
considerable economic importance and shall be obtained in
every instance.

126. Inquiry 5. How many years have you farmed
(a) as owner, (6) as tenant. The inquiries under this head
are intended' to elicit information as to the number of years
the "farm operator" on this particular farm operated as the
" owner " of land) or as a " tenant " on any farm.

127. Inquiry 6. How long have you operated the farm
you now occupy. The inquiry under this head has reference
only to the occupancy of the farm which is operated by the
person named in answer to Question 1.

128. Inquiry 7. How many days in 1935 did you or any
person employed the year round on this farm work for pay
at jobs not connected with the farm you operated (omit
labour exchanged). The purpose of this inquiry is to obtain
statistical information as to the number of farmers who do out-
side work to supplement their farm income. All work done for
pay must' be included here, even if it is work performed for the
municipality to pay taxes or for some individual to pay off a
debt or even if payment is made in merchandise.. Do not,
however, include labour exchanged, such as is commonly done
in certain sections during seeding, harvesting, threshing, etc.

FARM WORKERS, 1935

129. Inquiry 8. Refers to the number of persons who were
employed the year round on this farm in 1935 (exclusive of
housework) under two heads (a) members of the family (in-
cluding operator) 14 years of age and over and (6) hired men.

130. Inquiry 9. This question is intended to obtain infor-
mation as to the number of persons employed during the year
1935 for seasonal work such as seeding, harvesting or threshing.
If a farmer had hired help during the 12 months of 1935, but
this hired help comprised three different men for different parts
of the year making altogether 52 weeks, the answer to this
question would be 3 in Inquiry 9, but the answer to Question
45 would be 52 weeks. If, on the other hand, he employed 10
men for 2 weeks for seasonal work, the answer to Inquiry 9 would
be 10, but the answer to Question 45 would be 20 weeks.

FARM POPULATION, 1936

131. Inquiry 10. The total number of persons, of all ages,
living on this farm on June 1, 1936 will be entered following the
letters "M" (male) and "F" (female).

132. Inquiries 11 and 12. Questions 11 and 12 are designed
to obtain information to show the movement of population from
the city, town or village to the farm, and also from the farm
to the city, town or village. The answer to Question 11 will be
the number of persons of each sex who have left this farm to
make their home permanently in a city, town or village (a) in
the last 12 months preceding June 1, 1936, (6), in the last 5 years
preceding the saine date, while the answer to question 12 will be
the number of persons of each sex who have left a city, town, or
village to live permanently on this farm during the same periods.

The answer to Question 10 will give valuable information as
to the number of persons living on farms at the time of the
census while the answers to Questions 11 and 12 will give infor-
mation on the movement of population from city to farm and
farm to city in the last 12 months and also in the last 5 years.

FARM ACREAGE AND TENURE, JUNE 1, 1936

133. Inquiry 13. Total number of acres in this farm.

The acres reported in answer to this inquiry shall, as indicated
by the note under the inquiry, include all the land on which
the person named in answer to Inquiry 1 conducts farming
operations of any kind, whether such land is owned, rented
from others, or managed for another. It shall include all
outlying or separate fields situated within the Enumerator's sub-
district.

134. (1) Inquiry 14. This inquiry has particular reference
to the tenure under which the land is held. The informa-
tion is sought under two headings (a) "How many acres of

this farm do you own" and (6) "How many acres do you
rent from others." The Enumerator shall note carefully that
all questions under tenure relating to land owned or rented
refer to the land which constitutes the farm which the farm
operator occupies in 1936.

• (2) Owned or rented. The first step in obtaining this in-
formation is to ask the farm operator the questions "How many
acres in this farm do you own" and "How many acres do you
rent from others." If he replies that he owns the whole num-
ber of acres already reported under Inquiry 13 and does not rent
any land from others, the answer to the second part of the
inquiry shall be "no."

(3) Acres owned. Farm land is regarded as owned, not only
where the operator owns it but also when it is owned by his
wife; where the operator holds possession as an heir or one of
the heirs to an undivided estate; where he is trustee or guardian
for such heirs; where he has bought the land under an agree-
ment of Sale; or where he has purchased a farm held for debt
and holds it subject to redemption by the original owner. Land
on which the farmer, has settled under the " Homestead Law "•
but has not yet proved up or that which is .more or less per-
manently occupied by a squatter should be reported as owned
land.

(4) Acres rented. This part of Inquiry 14 shall be answered
for all part owners and for all tenants. If the operator is a
Part owner the acres rented shall be given in answer to
Inquiry 14 (6) and the sum of the entries under 14 (b) and 14
(a) will make the total of the answer to Inquiry 13. If the
whole farm is operated by a tenant the answers to Inquiries
14 (b) and 13 will agree. (See specimen schedule.)

135. Inquiry 15. How many acres of land rented are
improved. See instructions under Inquiry 10 on the schedule
for definition of " Improved Land."

136. Inquiry 16. What do you pay as rent per year.

This question is very important and shall be answered for
every farmer renting the whole or part of his farm from others.
The Enumerator shall take particular care that this inquiry
is answered in every instance in which acres are reported under
Inquiry 14 (6) "rent from others." If part or all of the rent is paid'
in cash the total amount in dollars paid as rental shall be re-
ported. If the rent is paid in kind give cash value as instructed'
in the schedule. Include taxes if paid as part of the rent.

137. Inquiry 17. Do you operate this farm on shares.

If the answer to this inquiry is " yes " the share paid • shall be
entered as indicated in the instruction under the inquiry.

138. Inquiry 18. Do you operate this farm for others

as hired manager. The answer to this question shall be given
by writing "yes" or "no."

N.B. — It is very important that the answers to Inquiries 13
to 18 should be answered carefully and accurately. In par-
ticular it is important to know whether the tenant pays
cash, a share of the crops or a stated amount of farm pro-
ducts. The answer to Inquiries 16 and 17 should indicate
clearly whether the rent is paid in cash or in kind.

CONDITION OF FARM LAND

139. Inquiry 19. Acreage of improved land in this farm
in 1936. The instruction given under this inquiry on the agricul-
tural schedule is sufficiently clear not to require further ex-
planation.

140. Inquiry 20. Acres of Woodland in this farm in
1936. (a) Natural. (6) Planted trees. The purpose of this
question is to obtain the acreage of woodland covered with
natural or planted forest trees which will, now or later, yield.
Trees planted for wind breaks should also be included under'
planted trees.

141. Inquiry 21. Acres of unbroken prairie or natural
unploughed pasture in this farm in 1936. The term "Unbroken
Prairie " refers to the portion of tb.13 farm which has not been
brought under the plough while "Natural Pasture" refers to
land which is not used and has not been used (for a number of
years) to produce crops but upon which cattle graze.

142. Inquiry 22. Acres of wet marsh (slough) or other
waste land in this farm in 1936. This inquiry shall be answered
by entering the number of acres of all wild, waste and marsh
land, whether pastured or not or whether or not suitable for
pasture. This entry shall include all land, not woodland, that
is incapable of being tilled by reason of natural conditions such
as hills, streams, ponds, swamps, rocks, etc.

The Enumerator's attention is particularly directed to the
note under Inquiry 22 and before leaving this section of the
schedule he shall satisfy himself that the answers to Inquiries
19, 20, 21 and 22, when added together make the total
acreage given under Inquiry 13.

143. Inquiry 23. How many acres of improved land in
this farm in 1935? The note under Inquiry 19 on the
schedule applies in this case.

144. Inquiry 24. How many acres of the improved land
(a) were in pasture in 1935? (6) will be in pasture in 1936?

The purpose of this inquiry is to ascertain under (a) the number
of acres of improved land which were in pasture in 1935 and
under (6) the number of acres of improved land which will be
in pasture in the summer of 1936.

145. Inquiry 25. How many acres of the improved
land (a) were summer fallowed in 1935? (6) will be sum-
mer fallowed in 1936? Be sure to include under this inquiry
only land which was summer fallowed and not land from which
an early crop was harvested and then ploughed in late summer
or early fall.

146. Inquiry 26. How many acres of improved land (a)
were idle in this farm during the year 1935? (6) will be
idle in 1936? Under this inquiry make sure that no land
which was summer fallowed or pastured is included. The pur-
pose of this question is to obtain statistical information as to
the number of acres of improved land which in 1935 and 1936
were not used for pasturing, growing crops or summer fallow.

FARM VALUES

147 (1) Inquiry 27. Total value of this farm on June 1,
1936. This inquiry is of fundamental importance and shall
be answered on every schedule. Report here the value of the
entire farm, consisting of all the land reported under Inquiry
13, whether such land is owned, rented, or managed by the farm
operator, and of all farm buildings and improvements, attached
to the land.

(2) As stated in the "Note" under this inquiry on the
schedule, the amount for which the farm, including buildings,
would sell under ordinary conditions, and not at forced sale,
shall be: accepted as its true value. The Enumerator shall
try to obtain a reliable figure as to the value of farm property.
Due to conditions in the past fete years, the Enumerator shall
guard the farmer against stating too low or too high a

figure. Do not include under Inquiry 27 the value of farm
implements and machinery. (See Instruction 151.) The valua-
tion given by the farm operator or .the person reporting shall be
accepted unless there is reason to believe that such valuation is
below the actual value of the farm or is exaggerated. In all
cases the amount for which the farm, including farm buildings
and improvements, would sell under ordinary conditions, not at
forced sale, shall be stated.

(3) A part owner should report the value of all the land

which he operates, including that which he rents as well as that
which he owns.

(4) The Enumerator shall assure the farm operator that
the values returned on the census schedules will not be seen by
any persons except the sworn employees of the Bureau of Statis-
tics. (See Instructions 20 and 106.) They will not be used for
purposes of taxation and will not, in any case, be communicated
to tax officials. In many sections, property is uniformly assessed
for taxation, at a figure considerably below its true value. This
fact is generally recognized, and it is expected that a farmer
listing his property for taxation, will report values somewhat
less than the actual values in accordance with the current cus-
tom. This being the case, a farmer should not hesitate to
report to the census Enumerator the full value of his property
even though he may have reported a lower value to the tax
assessor.

148. (1) Inquiry 28. Value of all buildings included in

27. This inquiry calls for the value of all farm buildings, which
value has already been included under Inquiry 27. This value,
of course, will be less than the value of land and buildings
reported under Inquiry 27. The difference between these amounts
should be sufficient to provide for a fair average value per acre
for the land alone.

(2) The value of buildings will ordinarily be an estimated
value and shall represent a reasonable fraction of the total
value reported under Inquiry 27. No attempt shall be made
to find out the original cost of the buildings nor the amount
it would cost to replace them new, as the latter amount would,
frequently, .be much more than the present value of the build-
ings, and in some cases even more than the total value of the
farm, including the buildings. What is required is a fair estimate
of the buildings as they now stand— not a replacement value;
and only buildings used for farm purposes on this farm shall
be included.

(3) The schedule for an "institutional farm" shall show
the value of the farm buildings only and not of any other
buildings. The value of such buildings as factories producing
butter, cheese, or condensed and evaporated milk, canning fac-
tories, which, though situated on the farm, are used for manu-
facturing or administrative purposes rather than for farm pur-
poses shall not be included under Inquiries 27 or 28.

149. Inquiry 29. Value of the residence alone. Under
this inquiry is to be entered the value of the house in which the
farm operator and his family live. If there is more than
one house on the farm, be sure to give only the value of the
house in which the operator lives. To determine the value
of the residence see instructions under Inquiry 27.

150. Inquiry 30. Value of automobiles on this farm.

Under this inquiry is to be given the present value of all

automobiles on this farm. The purpose of this inquiry is to
separate the value of automobiles from that of farm implements.
Do not include the value of motor trucks in this question.

151. (1) Inquiry 31. Value of all implements and ma-
chinery used on this farm. The value of all farm implements,
machinery, etc., used in operating the farm and permanently
(or usually) kept on the farm, whether they belong to the
farm or not, shall be reported under this inquiry. Farm
machinery owned co-operatively by a group of farmers shall
be reported on the schedule for the farm where it is usually
kept; or if no "usual" place is provided then it shall be
reported on the schedule for the farm where it happens to be
Dn June 1, 1936. A tenant shall report under this question the
value of the farm implements and machinery used in operating
his farm, even though he does not own them.

(2) Under this inquiry will be included a fair estimate of
the present value, not a replacement value, of all trucks,
tractors, all farm implements, tools, wagons, harness, dairy
equipment, threshing machines, combines, apparatus for making
cider, grape juice, maple sugar and syrup and for drying fruits,
and all other farm implements and machinery so far as they are
used in carrying on the farm business. The Enumerator shall
obtain an itemized statement so as to arrive at a proper total.
,See note under inquiry on schedule.) Be sure that the value of
automobiles is not included in Question 31.

FARM MORTGAGE— JUNE 1, 1936

152. (1) Inquiry 32. Total mortgage on this Farm
June 1, 1936. This question must be asked of all farm
operators who own all or part of the land they operate but not
of tenants or managers.

(2) If the amount of mortgage reported exceeds the total
value of lands and buildings reported under Inquiry 27 the
Enumerator shall state the reason in the margin of the schedule.
■ '(3) The mortgage debt to be reported includes not only the
debt secured by an instrument called a "mortgage" but also
debts protected by deeds of trust, judgments, or by any other
legal instrument that partakes of the nature of a mortgage and
which has the same legal effect.

(4) The answer to this question shall not include any
debts covered by crop liens, nor any debts secured by liens on
implements and machinery or on live stock. It has reference
only to a debt secured by a mortgage, or by an equivalent legal
instrument on lands and buildings.

(5) This inquiry concerning jarm mortgage has been given
a place on the General Farm Schedule at the request of many
Agricultural Associations and Farmers' Organizations. Positive
assurance should be given to the farmer that the records of no
individual farm will be made public. The information is abso-
lutely confidential and will be used only in the compilation
■of Statistical Tables.

153. Inquiry 33.. Who holds this mortgage? The pur-
pose of this question is to obtain statistical information as to the
variation in interest rates according to whether the money is
loaned by a loan or insurance company, the government or a
private individual. The answer to this question would, therefore,
be a trust, a loan company, the government, a relative or a
private individual without naming the person who made the
loan.

154. Inquiry 34. What rate of interest do you pay per
annum? This question requires no explanation, and the
answer will be 6 per cent, 7 per cent, etc., as the case may be.

155. Inquiry 35. Amount of debts covered by crop liens
or liens against live stock and implements. This question as
:well as the next is self explanatory and requires no discussion

here. Questions 32 and 35 are asked to obtain statistical infor-
mation as to the amount and nature of obligations that farmers
generally have to meet;

FARM EXPENSES ON THIS FARM IN 1935

Under this section all expenditures of the classes named,
which were incurred in 19S5 whether paid or to be paid must be
reported.

156. Inquiries 37, 38 and 39. It is important that the
expenditures for feed (87) ; fertilizers (38) ; field and garden seeds
(39) should be consistent with the size of the farm, as well as
with the number of animals reported1 on the farm, taking into
account those sold in 1935 and the farming operations reported
elsewhere on the schedule.

157. Inquiry 40. Amount paid for electric current for
light and power in 1935. Before recording the anwser to this
question the Enumerator shall find out if the amount given is
made up from monthly statements of the enterprise supplying
electric current.

158. Inquiry 41. Taxes paid or payable on land and
buildings of this farm in 1935. This inquiry, which relates
to the taxes on the farm property owned by the operator, shall
be asked only of each farm operator who owns all or part of the
farm. The taxes to be reported here shall include only the
taxes paid or to be paid for the year 1935 on the land and
buildings of this particular farm which is owned by the operator.
The acreage covered by this tax should, be identical with the
acreage reported under part (a) of Inquiry 14.

159. Inquiry 42. Amount expended in 1935 for tractor,
combine and truck fuel. Under this inquiry is to be entered
the amount of money expended in 1935 for gasoline, distillate,
diesel fuel, etc. used in combines, tractors or trucks.

160. Inquiry 43. The purpose of this question is to
obtain information regarding the .cost of repairs and other ex-
penses in connection with the running of this farm. Expendi-
tures for food, clothing and other necessities for the' family shall
not be included here.

161. (1) Inquiry 44. Amount expended in money in
1935 for farm labour (exclusive of housework). This inquiry
is designed to elicit information regarding the actual amount of

money paid by the farmer for work done. The answer to
this question will not include an estimate of the value of house
or of room and board, which will be reported under Inquiry 46,
but shall include the value of commodities supplied to the
farm labourer.

(2) The amount reported as expended in money for farm
labour, exclusive of housework, shall include the amount paid
those farm hands who were employed for short periods, it may
be to pick fruit, harvest crops, etc., as well as the regular
farm hands employed by the month or year. Care shall be
taken to report the number of weeks of hired labour, exclusive
of housework, called for under Inquiry 45. This number shall
conform to the amount of money reported as expended under
Inquiry 41.

162. Inquiry 45. Number of weeks of farm work done
by hired labour, all ages, in 1935 (exclusive of housework).

The Enumerator shall make careful inquiry as to the number of
weeks employed on the farm whether at general farm work or in
picking fruit or at any other kind of farm labour, except house-
work. The total number of weeks thus employed shall be
entered as the answer to this question.

163. Inquiry 46. Estimated value of house or of room
and board furnished farm labourers in 1935 (exclusive of
housework). The estimated value of house, or of room and

board furnished the farm labourer (either sex) shall be based
on current rates prevailing in the locality. If house- only is
supplied to the farm labourer write "house" before the S sign;
if room and board, write "room and board" before the $ sign;
if all three are furnished to farm labourers, enter total figure
without a qualifying remark. The figures, supplied under this
inquiry shall not include an estimate of the value of room
and board furnished female domestics. (See specimen schedule).

FARM FACILITIES, JUNE I, 1936

164. Inquiry 47. This inquiry requires no explanation.
Enter the number of each of the facilities mentioned.

FARM AND MARKET GARDEN,, 1935

165'. Inquiry 48. Value of all vegetables grown in 1935
for home use or for sale. Under this inquiry give the total
value of all vegetables grown in 1935 for home use orf or sale. This!
amount shall include the value of all vegetables' canned,, pickled
or dried for1 home use-..

16^05—5

FOREST PRODUCTS CUT ON THIS FARM IN 1935

The inquiries under this heading are, as stated on the
schedule limited to the products of the farm reported under
Inquiry 14. All forest products must .be included whether sold
or used on the farm.

166. Inquiry 49. Firewood. The following definitions
are to apply: —

(a) A cord as used in measuring firewood, pulpwood, etc., is

to be a full cord, containing 128 cubic feet of piled

material, such as a pile 4 feet wide, 4 feet high and 8

feet long or its equivalent.
'(b) Softwoods include all needle-leaved trees such as pine,

spruce, cedar, tamarack, etc., whether their wood is hard

or soft.
(c) Hardwoods include all broad-leaved trees such as maple,

birch, ibasswood, ash, poplar, etc., whether their wood

is hard or soft.

167. Inquiries 50 and 51. These inquiries require no
explanation.

168. Inquiry 52. Other forest products. Be sure to
include under this heading the value of all forest products,
whether sold or used on the farm, not reported in Inquiries 49,

50 and 51. This inquiry shall include railway ties, telegraph
and telephone poles, logs for lumber or any other products of
the forest.

CO-OPERATIVE MARKETING IN 1935

169. Inquiries 53 to 61. These inquiries will be answered
frequently in localities where there are co-operative organizations
and probably not at all in localities where there are no such
organizations. Sales of products by the farmer through an
individual or local dealer shall not be reported here. In the
case of wheat and- other grains in the Prairie Provinces it is
sometimes the custom for some of the co-operative organizations
to hold the crop for a considerable period before selling it or
making returns to- the farmer. In cases of this kind where the
farmer has not received the complete returns for his crop. he
shall report the value of the wheat or other products harvested
in 1935 and delivered to the Association, estimating the value, if
necessary, on the basis of current prices.

In many parts of the Prairie Provinces eggs, poultry, sheep
and lambs are also disposed of co-operatively.

CO-OPERATIVE PURCHASING OF FARM SUPPLIES IN

1935

170. Inquiries 62 and 63. These questions like those
referred to in Instruction 169 will be answered in localities where
there are co-operative organizations. Purchases through individuals
or local dealers should not be reported under Inquiry 62.

When an amount for the purchase of farm supplies under
this heading is reported, the Enumerator shall obtain a list of
the articles purchased and enter them 'by name under
Inquiry 63.

CROPS

171. (1) Under this heading will be reported (a) Crops
harvested on this farm in 1935 (whether by present occupier or
not), and (6) area sown or planted for the harvest of 11936 (the
current year). The inquiries are listed under four subdivisions:
(1) Grains, (2) Hay and Forage, <(3) Potatoes and Roots, (4)
Clover and Grass Seed threshed on this farm in 1935.

(2) The information regarding crops harvested on this farm
in 1935 will be given under three headings in Columns 1,
2 and 3, and will be the crops which were harvested in 1935 from
the land which has already been reported under Inquiry 23
whether these crops were raised by the present operator or by
his predecessor. The record shall • have reference only to the
crops raised on this farm and shall not include crops raised by
the farmer on other land which he may have farmed in 1935
but which he does not now own or operate. The Enumerator
shall study 'Carefully the list of crops printed on the schedule
in order that he may be sufficiently familiar with them to avoid
omitting or duplicating any. . If however, the Enumerator finds
crops other than those listed were raised on the farm he shall
write the name of such crops, crossing out the name. of the crop
not raised on this farm and making the report as usual.

172. Column 1. Acres under crop in 1935. The Enum-
erator will enter the number of acres sown or planted to each
crop on this farm for the harvest year 1935 regardless of whether
a crop was harvested or not. If an acreage of certain crops was
seeded before 1935 to be harvested in 1935, such as fall wheat,
cultivated hay, etc., such acreage shall be entered in Column 1.

173.. Column 2. Quantity harvested. The Enumerator
shall eDter in this column the total production from the acreage
sown or planted according to the instructions in the heading.

16805— 5J

of the column, which shall be studied carefully and followed
implicitly. It is particularly important that the Enumerator
makes sure that no amounts of crops are omitted and he shall
also see that the number of bushels reported be as exact as to
weight as possible discounting for threshers measures, etc. Each
entry in Column 1 should have a corresponding entry in Column
2 for crop harvested or in Column 3 for crop failure or in both
as per Instruction 174 (2) . Before going on with the next question
the Enumerator shall check Columns 2 and 3 with Column 1 for
entries.

174 (1) Column 3. Crop failure. In Column 3 the Enum-
erator is directed to make inquiries for each kind of crop as to
the number of acres sown or planted in 1935 which did not produce
a crop. In making the entries in Column 3 the Enumerator is
particularly directed to follow the instructions at the top of the
column. In addition to reporting all acreage sown in 1935 which
did not produce a crop, the Enumerator is also required to state
the cause of the failure such as rust, hail, fire, flood, frost, etc.

(2) As an example, Column 1 may show that 40 acres were
sown to barley in 1935; but if for some cause, say hail had
destroyed 20 acres, the entry in Column 3 will be made thus
"20, hailed" indicating that 20 acres of the 40 sown produced
no crop on account of hail. (Similarly for other causes.) The
yield in Column 2 shall be the actual number of bushels of
barley harvestpd.

(3) Every reasonable effort should be made to obtain
figures based on records; or if no records were kept, reliable
estimates made, if possible, by persons directly concerned
with the growing of crops, shjall be obtained. The Enum-
erator himself shall be well informed with regard to the
usual production per acre of various crops in his enumeration
area, which with other factors will enable him to assist the
farmer in making estimates, where this is necessary.

175. Column 4. Acres sown. or planted for harvest, 1936.

As the planting for the 1936 harvest will be completed or nearly
so, on June 1st and the records fresh in the memory of the farm
operator, the Enumerator should inquire diligently the number oi
acres sown to each kind of crop by the farmer, and if seeding be
not yet completed at the time of calling, the number of acres or
fraction of an acre which will be devoted to any particular crop
for the. harvest year 1938, should be entered in this column.

176. Inquiries 64 lo 73. Grains. The Enumerator will
enter under these inquiries only grains which are ripened on the
stalk. This distinction is important and the Enumerator must
not report under these inquiries grains which were cut green for
feed in 1935 or the acreage planted for a similar purpose in 1936.
Grains grown for forage must be reported under Inquiries 83
and 84. In the case of crops such as oats or mixed grains which
are ripened but fed to stock in the sheaves, as reliable an
estimate of production as possible must be obtained.

177. Inquiries 74 to 87. Hay and Forage. The Enum-
erator shall be careful to report each kind of hay or forage
crop under its proper classification. Small grains, cut green and
used for forage are to be reported under Inquiries 83 and 84. The
Enumerator shall report the acreage and production of sweet
clover even though it may not have been used for forage.

178. Inquiries 88 to 92. Potatoes and Roots, and Other
Field Crops. The Enumerator shall obtain the acreage and pro-
duction of all field roots, but shall not include any that should be
reported under "farm garden" or "market garden." If the farm
"unit of measure" is pounds or barrels these quantities shall be
reduced to bushels or tons as indicated on the schedule.

179. Inquiries 93 to 101. Clover and Grass seeds har-
vested on this farm in 1935. Only clover and grass seeds which
are ripened on the stalk shall be reported under these in-
quiries. This distinction is important and the Enumerator shall
not report grasses which were cut green for feed in 1935. It some-
times may happen that clover seeds are harvested from an acre-
age which earlier in the season had been cut for hay, but as the
quantity of seed produced only is required this fact need not be
considered.

CROPS OF 1935 SOLD OR TO BE SOLD

180. Inquiries 102 to 109. The purpose of these in-
quiries is to ascertain the quantities of. certain crops harvested
in 1935 which have been sold or available for marketing. The
Enumerators are strictly cautioned not to include grains held
over from years previous to 1935 in these inquiries.

LIVE STOCK ON THIS FARM JUNE 1, 1936, AND ANIMAL
PRODUCTS, 1935

181^ Domestic Animals and Poultry on this farm. Report
all domestic animals on this farm on June 1, 1936, whether they
belong to the farm operator or not. The phrase "on the farm"

70,

means kept on the farm. If a farmer, hires his neighbour's
team for a short time that team is not. to be regarded as- "on
the farm" for census purposes, and shall not be included in
this farm schedule even though it may happen to be at work
on this farm on June 1, 1936. But horses, cattle or other
animals belonging to the hired man or others which are, boarded
or cared for on the -farm, shall be included. Breeding animals
owned 'jointly by two or more farmers and kept in turn on the
various farms shall be reported on the farm where they happen
to be on June 1, 1936. In the case of ranchmen the number
of cattle shall be understood to mean all animals belonging to
or under the care of the ranchman by whom the schedule is
prepared. Care shall be taken to report each age group on the
proper line.

182. Inquiries 110 to 115. Horses and Mules June 1,
1936. Inquiries 110 and 111 refer to animals of both sexes. The
other inquiries concerning horses under the various classes require
little or no explanation.

183. Inquiries 116 to 124. Cattle June 1, 1936. In clas-
sifying cattle follow closely the designations on the schedule.
Under Inquiry 118 only cows and heifers, 2 years old and over,
in milk or in calf on June 1, 1936, shall be reported by num-
ber and value; while under Inquiry 119 cows and heifers 2 years
old and over not in milk nor in calf shall be reported by
number and value. This means that the number of cows and
heifers two years old and over reported under Inquiries 118 and
119 give the total number of such animals on this farm. The total
value of each class will be given and not the value. of individual
animals unless there be only one animal in a class, in which case
give its value. It may be pointed out that under Inquiry 119
cows and heifers, which are being prepared for sale shall be
included.

184. Inquiries 123 and 124. The purpose of these two
questions is to attempt to distinguish between cattle kept mainly
for milk production and cattle kept mainly for beef production.
Inquiry 123 is self-explanatory. Under Inquiry 124 is to be
entered all animals entered under Questions 117, 118 and 119,
under the two headings of milk production and beef production.

MILK PRODUCED IN 1935

185. Inquiry 125. Cows milked in 1935. This question

shall always be answered where "cows and heifers in milk
or in calf" are reported under Inquiry 118.

186 (1) Inquiry 126. Total milk produced in 1935. Re-
port under this inquiry the total quantity of milk produced on
this farm in 1935 including whole milk used on the farm during
the year as well as milk sold. When the amount of milk produced
is reported by the farmer in gallons, it must be reduced to
pounds before it is entered on the schedule according to the
note under the inquiry. The Enumerator must not use an
average production in making estimates of milk produced but
must obtain from the farm operator either figures based on
records or the closest possible estimate of the actual production
based on the number of cows milked (Inquiry 125).

;(2) The quantity of milk produced should be enough to
cover the products shown under Inquiries 127 to 132 inclusive,
plus enough for home consumption on the farm. Where the
figures for dairy products (Inquiries 127 to 132) as given by the
farm operator, appear questionable the approximate milk equiva-
lent of butter, butterfat and cream may be obtained aa shown in
Instruction 192 (a), page 72.

DISPOSITION OF MILK IN 1935

187. Inquiry 127. Milk sold or sent to factory in 1935.

Under this inquiry only such milk as is sold whole or un-
skimmed shall be reported. The milk may be sold to dis-
tributing milk centres in cities or it may be sold by the pro-
ducer to private families or it may be sold to butter or cheese
factories. The phrase " sent to factory " has reference to milk
supplied to butter or cheese factories.

188. Inquiry 128. Cream sold or sent to creamery on a
fat basis in 1935. Cream sold or sent to a creamery on a
butterfat basis is to be reported under Inquiry 128. That is to
say, if the farmer received payment on the basis of a given
number of pounds of butterfat at a given price per pound it will
be correct to report the product under this section.

189. Inquiry 129. Cream sold or sent to creamery by
measure in 1935. Under this inquiry only cream sold by the
quart or gallon or some other basis than butterfat content
shall be reported. The Enumerator shall pay particular atten-
tion to the note under Inquiry 129 on the schedule and act
accordingly.

190. Inquiry 130. Butter made on this farm in 1935.

Under this inquiry will be reported only the butter which is
actually produced on the farm for home use or for sale. It

does not refer to the case where a butter factory is operated on
the farm and where labour is employed exclusively for dts
operation.

191. Inquiry 131. Butter made on this farm and sold
in 1935. The answer to this inquiry will disclose the amount
of butter reported under Inquiry 130 that was sold in 1935. The
quantity given under this Inquiry must not exceed that given
under Inquiry 130.

192. Inquiry 132. Cheese made on this farm in 1935.

The instructions to Inquiry 130 apply to this question.

(a) The following table will help the Enumerator compare the
disposition of milk with the total milk produced.

•10 lbs. of milk = I gallon of milk

10 " " " = I lb. of cream

25 " " " = 1' pound of butter

11 " " " =1 " " -cheese

30 " " " =1 " " butterfat.

193 (1) Inquiries 133 to 138. Sheep 1936 and Wool
1935. When sheep and lambs are reported under Inquiries 133
to 136 there should be, in all probability, an entry under Inquiry
137 for sheep shorn in 1935 and under Inquiry .138 for total weight
and value of fleeces.

(2) The production of wool and the number of sheep
shorn are closely related to the number of sheep on hand June
1, 1936, except where the farmer may have sold or otherwise
disposed of some of his sheep, or purchased additional sheep
since shearing time. Where either was the case for a large
number of sheep write an explanation on the margin of the
schedule. Where sheep have been purchased as "feeders" make
the proper entries and write the number of feeders on the
margin, for example, " 500 feeders."

(3) The Enumerator will observe that he is to obtain the
weight and value of fleeces "unwashed" for if answers to this
inquiry be given in some instances as wool washed and in others
as unwashed no comparative statistics can be prepared*

*Note. — In the "proceedings of a Conference on wool statistics held under the
auspices of the National Resources Council on October 18, 1917 at Toronto, the
following resolution was adopted for guidance in estimating the probable
weight per fleece of sheep of the different breeds.

194. Inquiries 139 to 152. These inquiries relating to
goats, swine, poultry, eggs and chickens require no explanation
other than that given on the schedule which the Enumerator
shall read carefully.

195. Inquiries 153 to 155. Bees and Bee Products. When
the owner of a number of hives of bees distributes them among
the farmers of the surrounding country or elsewhere, all the
hives so distributed and honey and wax produced must be
reported by the owner of the bees. Bees kept on farms, but
not owned by the person owning or renting the farm shall not
be reported on this farm as the owner will have already reported
them on Schedule No. 3. In such case the farmer on whose
land the colonies are placed will give the name and address of
the owner of the bees so that the latter may be communicated
with regarding the number of colonies and quantities and value
of production.

If however, the owner of the bees operated a farm of one
acre or over and if the agricultural and live stock products
including honey aggregated $50 or more in value, the bees shall
be reported on the General Farm Schedule, otherwise they shall
be reported on Schedule No. 3.

196. Inquiries 156 to 159. Young animals raised on this
farm in 1935. The instructions under this heading on the
schedule are sufficiently precise to enable the Enumerator to
give the information required.

197. Inquiries 160 to 167. Domestic animals and poultry
slaughtered on this farm in 1935 for home use or for sale.

The Enumerator will observe that only animals raised on this
farm will be reported under this, heading. This inquiry is de-
signed, primarily to obtain the facts with regard to animals

Class 1, Fine Wool

Produced by the range wool breeds of the Weet, chiefly Rambouillets and
other Merinos, together with grades and crosses of a similar type. Factor
to be used, 7£ lbs. per sheep.
Class 2, Medium Wool

Produced by Shropshires, Southdowns, Dorsets, Oxfords, Hampshire), Suf-
folks, Cheviots, and grades and crosses of a similar type. Factor, 7J 16s. per
sheep.
Class 3, Coarse Wool

Produced by Lincolns, Cotswolds, Leicester) and grades and crosses of
similar type. Factor, 9 lbs. per sheep.

It was agreed that the factor of 4 lbs. per lamb would be approximately
correct for all breeds.

slaughtered for home use but it shall also include the number
of all such animals killed on the farm for food whether the
product (dressed meats and poultry) were kept at home or sold.
Animals which were killed on account of disease or young ani-
mals destroyed at birth or. animals slaughtered in commercial
slaughterhouse's shall not be included.

198. Inquiries 168 to 181. Under "Domestic Animals
and Poultry sold alive in 1935" shall be recorded the number of
domestic animals and poultry which were raised on this farm
and sold alive in 1935. The Enumerator shall make specific
inquiry regarding each item, carefully entering the number and
the total value. For example, if three horses were sold the
figure three' (3) will be entered under "Number" and if the horses
were sold at S80 apiece the entry under "Value" will be $240 not
the value of one animal.

199. Inquiries 182 to 189. Pure-bred animals June 1,
1936. The Enumerator shall report only the animals on this
farm on June 1, which are registered or eligible for registration as
pure breeds. The Enumerator shall carefully write the correct
name of the breed in each case. He will also note, as called for
under these questions, that the registered stock reported under In-
quiries 182 to 189 must also be included in the proper classes
reported under Inquiries 110 to 149. The Enumerator will note
that Inquiry 183 is divided into two parts (a) stallions 2 years
old and over, (6) stallions under 2 years. Similarly Inquiry 185
is divided into (a) bulls 1 year old and over and (6) bulls under
1 year. ....

VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF THIS FARM IN 1935

200. Inquiries 190 to 195. Under these inquiries are to
be entered the value of farm products sold under the various
headings. Enumerators shall make an effort to obtain as accurate
.information as possible in answer to these questions. Where the
farmer is unable to give exact figures, as accurate an estimate
as possible under the circumstances shall1 be made.

201. Wheat "carry over." Wheat grown before 1935
sold in 1935-6 or held for sale at a future date. Under this
inquiry is to be entered the number of bushels of wheat har-
vested before 1935 but sold in 1935-6 or held for sale at some
future date. The purpose' of this question is to obtain informa-
tion as to the amount of old wheat sold in 1935-6 or still held
for sale.

VACANT FARMS AND ABANDONED FARMS— FORM 2a

202. (1) The purpose of this schedule is to obtain a record
of every "vacant farm" and every "abandoned farm" in the

Prairie Provinces in the census year. The instructions and
explanations on the schedule are so explicit that further remarks
are not necessary.

(2) If the Enumerator will carefully report all such farms
according to the question on the schedule it will not only
account for all vacant and abandoned farms but will also
disclose the probable reason why these parcels of land, which
at one time were cultivated, are now lying idle.'

(3) The Commissioner shall obtain from municipal records
the number of vacant and abandoned farms in every enum-
eration area in his district so that he may have some check
on the completeness of the Enumerator's work.

VALUES OF FIELD CROPS— FORM 2b

203. (1) In censuses previous to 1931 the Enumerator was
required to obtain from each farm operator the total value of each
kind of grain or other field crop produced on his farm in the census
year. This inquiry is again omitted from the 1936 General
Farm Schedule and instead the Enumerator is required to
give on Form 2b an estimate of the average value per ton,
bushel or pound, of each kind of field crop produced in his
enumeration' area. The prices quoted shall be those ob-
tained on the average by the, farmers in the subdistrict at the
local markets.

(2)' The average prices quoted shall be such that if they
were used as a- multiplier for the total of each crop produced in
your subdistrict, the result so obtained would fairly represent the
total value of each crop to all of the farmers in your area.
Give prices for such crops only as were grown in the sub-
district in 1935.

(3) This schedule of prices is to be enclosed in the portfolio
with the other, forms when forwarded to the Commissioner. The
filling in of this form constitutes an important part of an
Enumerator's duties and will be required before any payment
is made to the Enumerator.

ANIMALS AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS, NOT ON FARMS-
SCHEDULE No. 3

204. (1) The records of incidental agricultural operations, on
plots of lees than one acre will be reported on Schedule No. 3.
The schedule will give information relative to domestic animals
on hand June 1, 1936; animal products for the year 1935 and
the value of vegetables and other products whether consumed at
home or sold.

(2) The Enumerator shall inquire of every family or house-
hold in his subdistrict not living on a farm (particularly in
cities, towns and villages) whether they are in possession of any
of the items listed on the schedule, and if so, he shall obtain and
enter the information under the proper headings on the schedule.

205. Reference. Columns 1, 2 and 3. In Columns 1

and 2 will be entered the numbers of the page and line respec-
tively on which the person is recorded on the Population Schedule.
In Column 3 will be entered the name of the occupier or owner
or other person in charge.

206. Columns 4 to 23. Domestic animals and poultry in
1936. The entries in Columns 4 to 23 will be the number of
animals, including pure-bred animals, as indicated by the head-
ings, which are on hand June 1, 1936.

207. Bees, June 1, 1936. In Columns 24 and 25 the num-
ber of hives of bees owned by the person enumerated whether they
are on the plot or elsewhere will be entered. The total amount
of honey and wax produced in 1935 will be entered in Columns
31 and 32. (Read carefully Instruction 195.)

208. Animal products, 1935. Columns 26 to 33 shall con-
tain a record of all animal products for the calendar year 1935
as indicated by the headings of the columns. The Enumerator
shall see that the number of pounds . of butter entered in
Column 28 are in proper relation to the quantity of milk re-
ported in Column 27 which in turn should correspond to the
number of cows milked in Column 26. The total quantity of
milk produced (not bought or used) will be entered in Column
27. An imperial gallon of milk weighs lOpounds. The quanti-
ties of butter, eggs, and honey must not include purchases.

209. Gardens. In Column 34 will be entered the value of
vegetables and other products whether consumed at home or
sold.

210. Pure-bred animals. The entries in Columns 35 to 40
inclusive will give the number and the name of the breed of
each kind of pure-bred animals which are registered or eligible
for registration on June 1, 1936. The numbers of pure-bred
animals must be included' in the totals entered) in, Columns 4
to 23.

N.B. — The Enumerator is again reminded that a copy of
the "General Farm Schedule" was some months ago .mailed
to every farmer in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta in
order that the latter might be acquainted tvith the scope' of
the census of agriculture and have filled in, previous to the
visit of the Enumerator, the answers to all the inquiries on the
schedule. If this has been done the Enumerator shall make
use of the information thus prepared in advance, but shall
not take the schedule away from the farmer, and he shall
further instruct the farmer to preserve the schedule for
future use. (See Instruction 119.)

APPENDIX I

SCHEDULE RATES

Commissioners

COMMISSIONER'S ALLOWANCES— The Commissioner of each Census
district will be entitled to payment at a rate of 1 cent per name for each
person enumerated in the population schedule; 3 cents for every record on
Form No. 2, of farms of one acre and over provided entry is made of
products with a value of not less than $50 in the Census year; 3 cents for
every record of Form 2a (Vacant Farms and Abandoned Farms) and one
cent for every record made on Form No. 3 (Animals and Animal Products
not on Farms). For correspondence with Departmental and staff officers,
personal studies, instruction to Enumerators, examination and correction of
Enumerators' accounts, making out returns for transmission to the Minister
of Trade and Commerce according to the Book of Instructions, he will be
entitled to a special allowance.

Commissioners also will be allowed reasonable travelling and living
expenses while receiving instructions from an officer of the Bureau, and
they will also be entitled to transportation expenses while instructing
Enumerators, as approved by the Dominion Statistician.

Commissioners will be allotted space in Dominion Government Buildings,
where this is possible. When offices in public buildings are not available they
will bo allowed a stated amount for rent of office upon the approval of
the Dominion Statistician and also when approved an allowance for rent of
halls for instructing" Enumerators will be made.

Enumerators
The Enumerators will be entitled to payment as follows: —

(1) POPULATION— For every living person recorded in the Population
Schedule (Form 1) and for every "Closed Dwelling" (Form 5) and "Absentee
Household" (Form 6) card forwarded to the Dominion Bureau of Statistics,
each Enumerator will be paid an allowance of five cents.

(la) For every vacant dwelling recorded — five cents.

(2) AGRICULTURE— For every farm of five acres and over recorded
in the agricultural schedule (No. 2) and for every report of vacant farms
and abandoned farms (Form 2a) each Enumerator will be entitled to an
allowance of 35 cents; for areas of from one to five acres, provided a
record is made of products with a value of not less than $50 in the census
year, he will be entitled to an allowance of 25 cents.

(3) LIVE STOCK, ETC., IN TOWNS— For every record of "Live stock
and animal products not on farms" entered on Schedule No. 3 each Enumer-
ator will be entitled to an allowance of 10 cents.

(4) ALLOWANCES FOR EXPENSES— In localities outside of cities,
towns and incorporated villages, Enumerators will be paid in lieu of horse
and motor hire and all other expenses and in addition to the rates pro-

79'

vided above an allowance of seven dollars ($7.00) per one hundred (100)
names of persons enumerated in Population Schedule Form 1, and seven
dollars ($7.00) for each township where there are less than 100 bona fide
residents. But these allowances will not apply to subdistricts or regions
provided for in the Instruction following.

(5) SPECIAL CASES — In census subdistricts or regions of sparse popu-
lation, remote from settlement and deficient in means of communication, the
rates and allowances to Enumerators shall be such as the Dominion Statisti-
cian, with the approval of the Minister, may direct; and the same rule
shall also apply in subdistricts or regions where the services of an Interpreter,
a Guide or other assistant to an Enumerator may be required. But in no
case shall an Interpreter or Guide or other assistant to an Enumerator be
employed except within the written authority of the Dominion Bureau of
Statistics.

(6) TRAVELLING EXPENSES FOR ENUMERATORS-Census Enum-
erators called to receive instructions from Commissioners before commencing
enumeration work will be entitled when on such duty to actual expenses of
travel by railroad or other conveyance and to cost of living at hotels or
other places from time of leaving home to return thereto, as shown by
vouchers and to an allowance of THREE DOLLARS per day for time
spent in receiving instructions as certified by the Commissioner.

APPENDIX II

EXTRACTS FROM THE STATISTICS ACT, 8-9
GEORGE V, CHAPTER 43, STATISTICS
ACT, 1918

Dominion
Statistician,
appointment
and duties.

4. The Governor in Council may appoint an officer to be
called the Dominion Statistician, who shall hold office during
pleasure, whose duties shall be, under the direction of the
Minister, to prepare all schedules, forms, and instructions, and
generally to supervise and control the Bureau, and to report
annually to the Minister with regard to the work of the Bureau
during the preceding year.

Officials. (2) Such other officers, clerks and employees as are necessary

for the proper conduct of the business of the Bureau, may be
appointed in the manner authorized by law and, shall hold
office during pleasure.

Commis-
sioners,
Enumerators,
and agents.

5. The Minister may employ from time to time, in the man-
ner authorized by law, such commissioners, enumerators, agents
or persons as are necessary to collect statistics and information
for the Bureau relating to such industries and affairs of the
country as he deems useful and in the public interest, and the
duties of such agents or persons shall be such as the Minister
determines.

Oath of
office.

6. (1) Every officer, census commissioner, enumerator, agent
and other person employed in the execution of any duty under
this Act or under any regulation made hereunder, before enter-
ing on his duties, shall take and subscribe the following oath: —

I Solemnly

swear that I will faithfully and honestly fulfil my duties as

, in

conformity with the requirements of the Statistics Act and of all
proclamations, orders in council and instructions issued in pur-
suance thereof, and that I will not, without due authority in
that behalf, disclose or make known any matter or thing which
comes to my knowledge by reason of my employment as such

Attestation.

(2) The oath shall be taken before such person, and returned
and recorded in such manner, as the Minister prescribes.

Rules,
regulations
and forms.

7. The Minister shall

(a) make and prescribe such rules, regulations, instructions,
schedules and forms as he deems requisite for conducting

: the, work and business of the Bureau, the collecting of statiar
tics and other information and taking of any census auth?
orized by this Act;

(b) prescribe what schedules, returns and information are to Verification
be verified by oath, the form of oath to be taken, and by oath,
shall specify the officers and persons by and before whom
the said oaths are to be taken.

10. Every person who has the custody or charge of any pro- Access to
vincial, municipal or other public records or documents, or of public
any records or documents of any corporation, from which infor- Te<'oia^
mation sought in respect of the objects of this Act can be
obtained, or which would aid in the completion or correction
thereof, shall grant to any census officer, commissioner, enumer-
ator, agent or other person deputed for that purpose by the
-Dominion Statistician, access thereto for the obtaining of such
information ' therefrom.

11. The Minister may, by special letter of instruction, direct Inquiries
any officer, census commissioner or other person employed in under oa .
the execution of this Act, to make inquiry under oath as to any

matter connected with the taking of the census or the collection
of statistics or other information, or the ascertaining or correc-
tion of any supposed defect or inaccuracy therein; and such
officer, census commissioner or other persons shall then have the
same power as .is vested in any court of justice, of summoning
any person, of enforcing his attendance and of requiring and
compelling him to give evidence on oath, whether orally or in
writing, and to produce such documents and things as such
officer, census commissioner or other- person deems requisite to
the full investigation of such matter or matters.

12. (o) Any letter purporting to be signed by the Minister or Evidence of
the Dominion Statistician, or by any other person there- appointment,
unto authorized by the Governor in Council, and notify- {^fu^ions.
ing any appointment or removal of or setting forth any in-
structions to any person employed in the execution of this

Act; and,

(b) Any letter signed by any officer, census commissioner, or
other person thereunto duly authorized, notifying any
appointment or removal of or setting forth any instructions
to any person, employed under the superintendence of the
signer thereof;

shall be, respectively, prima facie evidence of such appointment,
removal or instructions, and that such letter was signed and
addressed as it purports to be.

13. Any document or paper, written or printed, purporting Presumption,
to be a form authorized for use in the taking of census, or the

collection of statistics or other information, or to set forth
any instructions relative thereto, which is produced by any per-
son employed in the execution of this Act, as being such form. or

10805—6

Remun-
eration.

Voted by

Parliament.

Condition of
payment.

as setting forth such' instructions, shall be presumed to have
been ■ supplied by the- proper authority * to the person so pro-
ducing it, and shall be prima facie evidence of all instruc-
tions therein set forth.

' 14. The Minister shall; subject to the approval of the Gov-
ernor in Council;cause to be prepared one' or more tables setting
forth the rates of remuneration or allowances for the several
census commissioners, enumerators, agents and other persons
employed in the execution of this Act, which may be a fixed
sum, a rate per diem, or a scale of fees, together with allow-
ances for expenses.''

(2) Such remuneration or allowances and all expenses in-
curred in carrying this Act into effect shall be paid out of such
moneys as are provided by Parliament for that purpose.

(3) No remuneration or allowance shall be paid to any person
for any service performed in connection with this Act .until the
services required of such persons have been faithfully and
entirely performed.. •

No individual
return to be
published or
divulged.

No report . .
to reveal
individual
particulars.

15. No individual return, and no part of an individual return,
made, and no answer to any question put, for the purposes
of" this Act, except as hereinafter set forth shall, without the
previous consent in writing of the person or of the owner for
the time being of the undertaking in relation to which the
return or answer was made or given, be published, nor, except
for the purposes of a prosecution under this Act, shall any
person not engaged in connection with the Census be permitted
to see any such individual return or 'any such part of any
individual return.

(2) No report, summary of statistics or other publication
under this Act, except as foresaid, shall contain any of the
particulars comprised in any individual return so arranged as
to enable any person to' identify any particulars so published
as' being particulars relating to any individual person or busi-

CENSUS OF POPULATION AND AGRICULTURE

Census of

population

and

agriculture

every

tenth year.

Manitoba,
Saskat- .
chewan
and Alberta.

i6. The Census of population and agriculture of Canada shall
be taken by the Bureau, under the direction of the Minister,
on a date in the month of June in the year one thousand
nine hundred and thirty-one, to be fixed by the Governor in
Council, and every tenth year thereafter.

17. A census of population and agriculture of the Provinces
of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta shall be taken by the
■Bureau, under the direction of the Minister, on a date in the
month of June in the year one thousand nine hundred' and
thirty-six, to be fixed by the Governor in Council, and every
tenth year thereafter. * ■ ■ - .- -

18. The Governor in Council shall divide the country in Census
respect of which the census is to be taken into census districts, districts,
and each census district into subdistricts to correspond re-
spectively, as nearly as may • be, with the electoral divisions

and subdivisions for the time being, and, in territories not so
defined or so situated as to admit of adhering to boundaries
already established, into special divisions and subdivisions, for
the purpose of the census.

19. Each census of population and agriculture shall be so Details
taken as to ascertain with the utmost possible accuracy for the
various territorial divisions of Canada, or of the provinces of
Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta as the case may be, —

(a) their population and the classification thereof, as regards
name, age, sex, conjugal condition, relation to head of
household, nationality, race, education, wage -earnings, re-
ligion, profession or occupation and otherwise;

(b) the number of houses for habitation, whether occupied
or vacant, under construction or otherwise, the materials
thereof and the number of rooms inhabited;

(c) the area of occupied land and its value, and its condition
thereof as improved for cultivation, in fallow, in forest,
unbroken prairie, marsh or waste land, and otherwise;
the tenure and acreage of farms and the value of farm
buildings and implements;

(d) the products of farms, with the values of such products,
and the number and value of domestic animals within the
preceding census or calendar year;

(e) the municipal, educational, charitable, penal and other
institutions thereof; and,

(/) such other matters as may be prescribed by the Gov-
ernor in Council.

OFFENCES AND PENALTIES

35. Every person employed in the execution of any duty Desertion
under this Act or any regulation who, — or false

declaration.

(a) after having taken the prescribed oath, shall desert from
his duty, or wilfully makes any false declaration, statement
or return touching any such matter; or

(b) in the pretended performance of his duties thereunder, rjniawfiu*
obtains or seeks to obtain information which he is not duly information,
authorized to obtain; or

(c) shall not keep inviolate the secrecy of the information Improperly
gathered or entered on the schedules and forms, and who divulging
shall, except as allowed by this Act and the regulations,

divulge the contents of any schedule or form filled up in
pursuance of this Act -or any regulation, or any informa-
tion furnished in pursuance of this Act or any regulation;
16805—6*

Penalty. shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable, on summary

conviction, to a penalty not exceeding three hundred dollars
and not less than fifty dollars, or to imprisonment for a period
not exceeding six months and not less than one month, or to
both fine and imprisonment.

Refusal to
answer or
false answer.

Refusal or
neglect, false
information
or deception.

Penalty.

Wilful
refusal or
neglect to
grant
access to
records.
Penalty,

Leaving
notice at
house.

36. Every person who, without lawful . excuse, —

(a) refuses or neglects to answer, or wilfully answers falsely,
any question requisite for obtaining any information sought
in respect of the objects of this Act or any regulation, or
pertinent thereto, which has been asked of him by any

. person employed in the execution of any duty under this
Act or any regulation; or

(b) refuses or -neglects to furnish any information or to fill
up to the best , of his knowledge and belief any schedule
or form which he has been required to fill up, and to
return the same when and as required of him under this
Act or any regulation, or wilfully gives false information or
practises any other deception thereunder;

shall, for every such refusal or neglect, or false answer or
deception, be guilty of an offence and lliable, upon summary
conviction, to a penalty not exceeding one hundred dollars and
not less than twenty dollars, or to imprisonment for a period
not exceeding three months and not less than thirty days, or
to both fine and imprisonment.

37. Every person who has the custody or charge of any
provincial, municipal or other public records or documents, or
of any records or documents of any corporation, from which
information sought in respect of the objects of this Act or
any regulation can be obtained ,' or which would aid in the
completion or correction thereof, who wilfully or without
lawful excuse refuses or neglects to grant access thereto to
any census officer, commissioner, enumerator, agent or other
person deputed for that purpose by the Dominion Statistician,
and every person who wilfully hinders or seeks to prevent or
obstruct such access, or otherwise in any way wilfully obstructs
or seeks to obstruct any person employed in the execution of
any duty under this Act or any regulation, is guilty of an

■ offence and shall be liable, upon summary conviction, to a
penalty not exceeding three hundred dollars and not legs than
fifty dollars, or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding six
months and not less than one month, or to both fine and im-
prisonment.

38. The leaving by an enumerator, agent or other person
employed in the execution of this Act or any regulation, at
any house or part of a house, of any schedule or form pur-
porting to be issued under this Act or any regulation, and
having thereon a notice requiring that it be filled up and
signed within a .stated time by the occupant of such house
or part of a house, or in his absence by some other member

of the family, shall, as against the occupant, be a sufficient
requirement so to fill up and sign the schedule or form, though
the occupant is not named in the notice, or personally served
therewith.

39. The leaving by an enumerator or agent or other person Leaving
employed in the execution of this Act or any regulation at the n9tice at
office or other place of business of any person or firm or of ° '
any body corporate or politic, or the delivery by registered
letter to any person, firm or body corporate or politic or his
or its agent, of any such schedule or form having thereon a
notice requiring that it be filled up and signed within a stated
time, shall, as against the person or the firm and the members
thereof and each of them or the body corporate or politic, be
a sufficient requirement to fill up and sign the schedule or
form, and if so required in the notice, to mail the schedule
or form within a stated time to the Bureau.

40} Any fine imposed and recovered for any offence under Application
this Act shall belong to His Majesty for the public uses of of fines.
Canada, but the Minister may authorize the payment of one-
half of any such fine to the prosecutor.

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Full text of "Instructions to commissioners and enumerators, Census 1936."

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